Maternal Brain and Behavioral Responses to Infant Cues in Cocaine Exposed Mothers

接触可卡因的母亲的母亲大脑和对婴儿暗示的行为反应

基本信息

批准号：
8213605
负责人：
Lane Strathearn
金额：
$ 79.08万
依托单位：
BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-04-15 至 2015-01-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8213605
关键词：
Adolescent Adult Affect Aggressive behavior Alcohol or Other Drugs use Alcohols Amygdaloid structure Animal Model Animals Attention Auditory Behavior Behavioral Behavioral Mechanisms Birth Blinded Brain Brain region Breathing Caring Child Childhood Classification Clinic Cocaine Cocaine Abuse Cocaine Dependence Code Corpus striatum structure Crying Cues Data Data Analyses Data Collection Development Dopamine Dorsal Drug Addiction Drug usage Early treatment Endocrine Enrollment Ensure Environmental Risk Factor Epigenetic Process Equilibrium Face Family Fatigue Figs - dietary Fright Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Future Generations Hippocampus (Brain)Home visitation Hormonal Hormones Human Hydrocortisone Hypothalamic structure Illicit Drugs Image Impairment Individual Infant Infant Care Insula of Reil Interview Investigation Investments Laboratories Lead Life Life Experience Longitudinal Studies Manuscripts Maternal Behavior Measures Medial Medical Medicine Midbrain structure Modeling Mothers Motor output Neuromodulator Neurosecretory Systems Obsessive compulsive behavior Outpatients Oxytocin Parent-Child Relations Parenting behavior Parents Pathway interactions Pattern Peripheral Pharmaceutical Preparations Pharmacotherapy Play Population Pre-Clinical Model Predisposition Prefrontal Cortex Pregnancy Pregnant Women Preparation Prevalence Production Psychopathology Public Health Recruitment Activity Reporting Research Research Personnel Residential Treatment Resources Rewards Risk Rodent Rodent Model Salivary Sampling Secure Services Severities Site Social Behavior Societies Stimulus Stress Substance abuse problem Substantia nigra structure System Tactile Techniques Testing Therapeutic Time Tobacco use Toxicology United States United States National Institutes of Health Urine Ursidae Family Ventral Striatum Ventral Tegmental Area Videotape Visit Visual Woman abuse neglect addiction area striata behavior influence biological adaptation to stress brain pathway caregiving cocaine exposure cocaine use college cost drug of abuse emotional experience experience foster care improved in utero indexing interest intergenerational maternal cocaine abuse neglect neural circuit neurobehavioral neurodevelopment neuroimaging nigrostriatal pathway non-drug offspring parental role pre-clinical prenatal exposure prevent programs public health relevance response treatment program young adult

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Maternal cocaine abuse is a significant public health issue particularly affecting children, with high rates of reported abuse, neglect and foster care placement. However, little is known about how cocaine exposure affects brain circuits involved in maternal behavior, especially in humans. Functional MRI studies have shown that in mothers, infant cues activate similar brain reward circuits to cocaine, suggesting common dopaminergic pathways. Maternal behavior is strongly influenced my oxytocin, an important neuromodulator and hormone, which may also be modulated by maternal cocaine abuse. Thus, natural infant-related reward stimuli and artificial stimulants such as cocaine may differentially affect neural development, affecting both dopaminergic and oxytocin systems. In this project we test whether maternal responses to infant cues are impaired in cocaine exposed new mothers, using 1) functional MRI and 2) videotaped mother-infant interaction. We hypothesize that cocaine exposed mothers will show significantly less activation of the prefrontal cortex and reward-associated brain regions, on viewing pictures of their own baby's face and cry cues vs. an unknown baby, compared to controls. Specific regions of interest will include the mesocorticolimbic dopamine circuits (ventral tegmental area, ventral striatum and medial prefrontal cortex) and the nigrostriatal regions (substantia nigra, dorsal striatum and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). 400 mothers from 2 study sites (Baylor College of Medicine and Yale Child Study Center) will be enrolled (200 cocaine exposed and 200 control mothers), along with their 6 to 7 month old infants, to participate in three study visits over a three month period. During Visit 1, mothers will complete the Adult Attachment Interview to explore their own childhood experience and attachment patterns. At Visit 2, mothers will participate in a "free play" interaction with their infant, which will be videotaped and coded. At the final study visit, functional MRI will be used to compare maternal brain responses to infant facial and cry cues, comparing "own" infant vs. "unknown" infant cues. Ultimately, this research may lead to a better understanding of how adverse early life experiences may contribute to adult patterns of caregiving, as well as susceptibilities to addiction, which may further impair parenting capacities. Understanding how cocaine exposure interacts with other environmental factors to influence maternal behavior may help us both to better respond to addiction, and prevent long-term consequences in children-which may itself include an increased vulnerability to addiction. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Maternal cocaine abuse is a significant public health issue in the United States, with long-lasting implications for families, their children and society, which bears much of the cost for future educational and medical services. This project aims to help us better understand how a mother's responses to her infant may be affected by cocaine use - looking at brain, behavioral and hormonal effects. Understanding how early life experiences may lead to cocaine abuse may also help us to prevent problems for the generation to come.

描述（由申请人提供）：孕产妇滥用是一个重大的公共卫生问题，尤其是影响儿童，报告的虐待，忽视和寄养率很高。但是，对于可卡因暴露如何影响孕产妇行为，尤其是人类涉及的脑回路，知之甚少。功能性MRI研究表明，在母亲中，婴儿提示激活了与可卡因相似的大脑奖励回路，这表明常见的多巴胺能途径。孕产妇的行为受到我的催产素的强烈影响，我的催产素是一种重要的神经调节剂和激素，也可以通过孕产妇可卡因滥用来调节。因此，与可卡因等天然婴儿相关的奖励刺激和人工刺激物可能会差异地影响神经发育，从而影响多巴胺能和催产素系统。在这个项目中，我们测试了可卡因暴露于新母亲的孕产妇对婴儿提示的反应是否受损，使用1）功能性MRI和2）录像的母亲相互作用。我们假设可卡因暴露的母亲将在观看自己的婴儿的脸和哭泣的图片中，与对照组相比，在查看自己的婴儿的脸和哭泣的图片时，对前额叶皮层和奖励相关的大脑区域的激活显着较少。感兴趣的特定区域将包括中皮质骨多巴胺回路（腹侧侧距区域，腹侧纹状体和内侧前额叶皮层）和nigrostriatal区域（黑质Nigra，背侧纹状体和背侧前侧前额叶皮层）。来自2个研究地点的400名母亲（贝勒医学院和耶鲁儿童研究中心）将招募（200个可卡因暴露，200个对照母亲）以及他们的6至7个月大的婴儿，将在三个月内参加三次研究访问。在访问1期间，母亲将完成成人依恋访谈，以探索自己的童年经历和依恋模式。在访问2时，母亲将与婴儿进行“免费游戏”互动，该互动将进行录像和编码。在最终研究访问中，功能性MRI将用于比较孕妇对婴儿面部和哭泣提示的反应，并比较“自己的”婴儿与“未知”婴儿提示。最终，这项研究可能会更好地理解不良的早期生活经历如何促进成人护理方式以及对成瘾的敏感性，这可能会进一步损害育儿能力。了解可卡因的暴露与其他环境因素如何影响孕产妇行为可能有助于我们既能更好地应对成瘾，并防止儿童长期后果 - 这本身可能包括增加对成瘾的脆弱性。公共卫生相关性：孕产妇滥用是美国的一个重大公共卫生问题，对家庭，其子女和社会产生了持久的影响，其子女和社会为未来的教育和医疗服务带来了很多成本。该项目旨在帮助我们更好地了解母亲对婴儿的反应如何受到可卡因使用的影响 - 研究大脑，行为和荷尔蒙影响。了解早期的生活经历如何导致可卡因滥用也可能有助于我们防止这一代人的问题。