Neural mechanisms of stable and transient hierarchy on social decision making

稳定和瞬态层次结构对社会决策的神经机制

基本信息

批准号：
10678818
负责人：
Jaime Jorge Fernando Castrellon
金额：
$ 8.61万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-07-01 至 2027-05-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10678818
关键词：
Affect Affective Age Alternative Therapies Animals Anterior Behavior Behavioral Belief Brain Brain region Characteristics Child Clinical Cognitive Communities Complex Computer Models Corpus striatum structure Cost Sharing Cues Data Decision Making Diagnostic Dimensions Disease Dopamine Economics Elements Emotions Employee Environment Evaluation Exhibits Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Future Gender Goals Health Personnel Hospitals Human Individual Insula of Reil Intervention Learning Life Link MRI Scans Medical Mental Processes Monitor Multivariate Analysis Occupations Outcome Parents Participant Patients Pattern Perception Performance at work Persons Positioning Attribute Prefrontal Cortex Process Psychopathology Research Rewards Role Sampling Schizophrenia Shapes Social Behavior Social Dominance Social Environment Social Functioning Social Hierarchy Social Interaction Social Power Social Processes Social status Societies Socioeconomic Status Source System Testing Time Trust Update Work Workplace autism spectrum disorder career cognitive process competitive environment cost design emotion regulation experience experimental study flexibility insight learning ability mentalization neural neural circuit neural patterning neuroimaging neuromechanism preference psychologic social social deficits social disparities social influence social learning teacher trait

项目摘要

Project Summary This application seeks to understand how temporally-dynamic information is incorporated into social decisions by investigating the influence of social hierarchy on basic neural and cognitive processes engaged in valuation and learning. While some kinds of social information are stable, others can fluctuate in a way that can shift a social context. Hierarchy, or the organization of individuals according to power and status, is a common feature of most social animal species including humans and is a kind of social information that can exhibit both stable and transient qualities. Knowing a person’s place in society may shape an individual’s decisions to trust or learn from them. Critically, deficits in social decisions, broadly, are observed in psychopathologies ranging from autism to schizophrenia and potentially, such deficits might arise from maladaptive monitoring and integration of time-varying social features such as hierarchy. While stable hierarchical identities like socioeconomic status or gender could influence a person’s decision to trust or learn from professionals like medical doctors or teachers, situational contexts can further transiently increase or decrease perceived differences in power or status (e.g., being at a hospital or in a classroom). The intersection between these stable and transient features of hierarchy are especially important because power dynamics may engage distinct or overlapping mental processes. For instance, patients might be more proactive in suggesting alternative therapies if they perceive healthcare providers to be of similar social status. These processes might further modulate different kinds of decisions depending on implicit goals. Affiliative and competitive goals might be under dissociable influence of hierarchy if the neural and cognitive processes involved in the decisions only partially overlap. While traditional psychological experiments have investigated human social decisions using anonymous or unknown partners (which offers important experimental control), this limitation is detached from real-world scenarios in which humans acquire dynamic information about the people with whom they are interacting. Studying the neural mechanisms involved in these decisions can provide information about the basic cognitive processes that contribute to maladaptive decision making. Specifically, computations in brain regions like the striatum, prefrontal cortex, and temporoparietal junction supporting reward maximization over costs, mentalizing, and learning abilities are important for interactions with others. Notably, the functional roles of these regions are consistently implicated in clinical disorders like schizophrenia and autism, which share common social behavior deficits. Therefore, understanding the brain mechanisms involved in the integration of social hierarchy with learning and decision making can provide transdiagnostic insight about social behavior. This examination of interactions between psychological constructs like reward valuation and learning with social processes achieves and extends the goals of the Research Domains Criteria (RDoC) Initiative by considering the temporal elements of social context at the neural and cognitive levels. Aim 1 of this proposal will investigate how stable and transient social information is integrated in decisions with affiliative goals. Here, participants will make decisions about sharing rewards in a distribution game. Specific hypotheses will be tested by combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and computational modelling to test whether neural representations can distinguish costly sharing of rewards between oneself and others when information is provided about others’ social status and power in both stable and transient domains. Aim 2 will extend these mechanisms to a competitive social learning context. During fMRI, participants will perform a task that permits evaluation of complex belief learning from decisions made by opponents. Hypotheses will evaluate whether brain mechanisms supporting social learning depend on competitors’ perceived status and power. Studying these processes in the same participants who complete the experiment in Aim 1 will further allow comparison of hierarchical identity representation. Specific test will evaluate whether humans form latent representations that change depending on the context across different dimensions: affiliative versus competitive goals, stable hierarchy position, and transient hierarchy position. Finally, Aim 3 will investigate how these neural representations relate to daily social interactions and personal experiences with social inequality. When interacting with others whose perceived hierarchy is either ambiguous or different than one’s own, humans tend to deploy emotion regulation strategies. Deficits in emotion regulation abilities, however, are symptomatic of a range of psychopathologies. Therefore, here we will identify whether neural representations of social hierarchy are related to daily life social-hierarchy related emotion regulation and abilities to mentalize the intentions of people who vary in social hierarchy. The correspondence of brain mechanisms to real-world decisions outside of the lab can inform potential future interventions that alleviate social decision-making deficits in psychopathology. Overall, this proposal has been designed to combine the candidate’s expertise in functional neuroimaging and economic decision making to prepare the candidate for an independent research career focused on neural mechanisms of social decision making.

项目概要该应用程序旨在通过研究社会等级对参与评估和学习的基本神经和认知过程的影响来了解时间动态信息如何纳入社会决策。虽然某些类型的社会信息是稳定的，但其他类型的信息可能会波动。等级制度或根据权力和地位对个体进行组织是包括人类在内的大多数社会动物物种的共同特征，是一种可以表现出稳定和短暂特征的社会信息。在社会上可能塑造一个至关重要的是，社会决策的缺陷广泛存在于从自闭症到精神分裂症的精神病理学中，并且这种缺陷可能是由于适应不良的监控和随时间变化的社会特征（例如等级制度）的整合而产生的。社会经济地位或性别等稳定的等级身份可能会影响一个人信任或向医生或教师等专业人士学习的决定，情境背景可以进一步暂时增加或减少权力或地位的感知差异（例如，处于这些稳定和短暂的等级特征之间的交集尤其重要，因为权力动态可能会涉及不同或重叠的心理过程，例如，患者可能会更积极地接受替代疗法，这表明他们是否认为医疗保健提供者会这样做。如果决策中涉及的神经和认知过程仅部分重叠，那么这些过程可能会根据隐含目标进一步调节不同类型的决策。使用匿名或未知的合作伙伴调查人类社会决策（它提供了重要的实验控制），这种限制与现实世界的场景无关，在现实世界中，人类获取与他们互动的人的动态信息，研究这些决策中涉及的神经机制可以提供有关基本认知过程的信息。具体来说，纹状体、前额叶皮层和颞顶交界处等大脑区域的计算支持奖励最大化而不是成本、心智化和学习能力对于与他人的互动非常重要。一直与精神分裂症和自闭症等临床疾病有关，这些疾病具有共同的社会行为缺陷，因此，了解社会等级与学习和决策整合所涉及的大脑机制可以提供关于社会行为之间相互作用的跨诊断见解。通过在神经和认知层面考虑社会背景的时间因素，诸如奖励评估和社会过程学习等，实现并扩展了研究领域标准（RDoC）计划的目标。该提案的目标 1 将研究稳定性和瞬态性。在这里，参与者将通过结合功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和计算模型来测试特定假设，以测试神经表征是否可以区分昂贵的共享。当提供有关他人在稳定和瞬态领域的社会地位和权力的信息时，自己和他人之间的奖励将被扩展到竞争性社会学习环境中。在功能磁共振成像期间，参与者将执行一项允许评估复杂的任务。从对手的决策中学习的信念。假设将评估支持社会学习的大脑机制是否依赖于竞争对手的感知状态和权力，在完成目标 1 中的实验的同一参与者中研究这些过程将进一步允许对分层身份表征进行比较。具体的测试将评估人类是否形成潜在表征。最后，目标 3 将研究这些神经表征如何与日常社交互动以及与他人互动时的个人经历相关。其感知的层次结构是无论是模糊的还是与自己不同的，人类倾向于采用情绪调节能力的缺陷，然而，情绪调节能力的缺陷是一系列精神病理学的症状，因此，在这里我们将确定社会等级的神经表征是否与日常生活社交相关。 -与等级制度相关的情绪调节和将不同社会等级的人的意图心化的能力大脑机制与实验室外现实世界决策的对应可以为未来潜在的干预措施提供信息，从而减轻精神病理学中的社会决策缺陷。这该提案旨在结合候选人在功能神经影像学和经济决策方面的专业知识，为候选人的独立研究生涯做好准备，专注于社会决策的神经机制。