Instructional Technology: A Picture-aided Communication Systems Manager (PACSMan)

教学技术：图片辅助通信系统管理器 (PACSMan)

• 批准号: 7749215
• 负责人: WILLIAM J MCILVANE
• 金额: $ 15.57万
• 依托单位: PRAXIS, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-04 至 2011-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7749215
• 关键词: Address; Autistic Disorder; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Child; Child Behavior; Communication; Communication Programs; Computer software; Data; Data Analyses; Databases; Decision Making; Development; Discrimination; Educational process of instructing; Environment; Exclusion; Foundations; Individual; Instruction; Instructional Technology; Intellectual Property; Journals; Language; Language Development; Lead; Learning; Maps; Marketing; Methodology; Methods; Nature; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Outcome; Phase; Preparation; Process; Psycholinguistics; Publications; Request for Applications; Research; Sampling; Series; Small Business Technology Transfer Research; Speech; Staging; Stimulus; Students; System; Testing; Training; Work; alternative communication; communication aid; cost; evidence base; product development; programs; prototype; public health relevance; teacher

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This fast-track application requests support to develop and field test software for functional communication training for children with autism and related neurodevelopmental disorders. Aimed principally at behavior therapists, special educators, and speech/language professionals, the software will support implementation of augmentative/alternative communication (AAC) approaches that use pictures to aid functional communication. Picture-aided communication systems are now widely used in functional communication training, most notably in the widely used PECS (Picture Exchange Communication System). The proposed product will address three critical stages in such functional communication training: (1) establishing the first instances of reliable discrimination among pictures and corresponding objects, (2) accelerating expansion of the picture-discrimination repertoire, and (3) establishing and expanding pictures sequences to support progressively more capable picture-aided communication. The working title of the product is Picture-Aided Communication System Manager (PACSMan). The scientific foundation for PACSMan is extensive, deriving from dozens of publications in professional journals over the past three decades. The program will manage the therapist-child interface within a PECS-like teaching environment. The software will (1) display sequences of stimulus items and their configurations to be presented, (2) allow the therapist to quickly and conveniently enter data corresponding to the child's behavior, (3) make automated on-the-fly queries of an individual-child database in order make decisions concerning the nature of the teaching sequences (i.e., when to add new items, when to accelerate teaching, when to remediate, etc.), and generally support an ongoing process of optimizing individualized instruction in picture-aided communication. This STTR project features a unique partnership between the UMMS Shriver Center, which established the evidence basis for the product, and Praxis, Inc., which contributes intellectual property whereby the product can be rapidly and cost-effectively developed. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The primary focus of this research is development of communication in children with little or no functional language due to autism or other neurodevelopmental disorder. The specific emphasis is on methods to support symbolic communication in such children. We hope that our research will lead to methods that will make positive outcomes of behavior therapy more robust and reliable.

描述（由申请人提供）：此快速通道申请请求支持开发和现场测试软件，用于自闭症和相关神经发育障碍儿童的功能沟通训练。该软件主要针对行为治疗师、特殊教育工作者和言语/语言专业人士，将支持使用图片辅助功能性沟通的增强/替代沟通（AAC）方法的实施。图像辅助通信系统现在广泛应用于功能性通信训练中，最引人注目的是广泛使用的PECS（图片交换通信系统）。所提出的产品将解决此类功能性沟通训练中的三个关键阶段：（1）建立图片和相应对象之间可靠区分的第一个实例，（2）加速扩展图片辨别库，以及（3）建立和扩展图片序列以支持功能逐渐增强的图像辅助通信。该产品的暂定名称是“图片辅助通信系统管理器”(PACSMan)。 PACSMan 的科学基础非常广泛，源自过去三十年专业期刊上的数十篇出版物。该计划将在类似 PECS 的教学环境中管理治疗师与儿童的界面。该软件将（1）显示刺激项目的序列及其要呈现的配置，（2）允许治疗师快速方便地输入与孩子的行为相对应的数据，（3）对个人进行自动即时查询-儿童数据库，以便就教学序列的性质做出决策（即何时添加新项目、何时加速教学、何时进行补救等），并通常支持在图片辅助中优化个性化教学的持续过程沟通。该 STTR 项目的特点是 UMMS Shriver Center 与 Praxis, Inc. 之间建立了独特的合作伙伴关系，该中心为该产品奠定了证据基础，Praxis, Inc. 贡献了知识产权，从而可以快速、经济高效地开发该产品。公共健康相关性：这项研究的主要重点是由于自闭症或其他神经发育障碍而很少或没有功能性语言的儿童的沟通发展。特别强调的是支持此类儿童进行象征性交流的方法。我们希望我们的研究能够找到使行为治疗的积极结果更加稳健和可靠的方法。