A neuroimaging approach to advance mechanistic understanding of tobacco use escalation risk among young adult African American vapers

一种神经影像学方法，可促进对年轻非洲裔美国电子烟使用者烟草使用升级风险的机制理解

• 批准号: 10629374
• 负责人: Jiaying Liu
• 金额: $ 18.88万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-06-01 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10629374
• 关键词: Accidents; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Address; Advertising; Affect; Affective; African American; Behavioral; Biochemical; Brain; Brain Injuries; Cardiovascular system; Censuses; Cessation of life; Chronic; Cigarette; Cotinine; Coupled; Cues; Dependence; Disparity; Economically Deprived Population; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Emotions; Ethnic Origin; Frequencies; Fruit; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Genus Mentha; Goals; Homicide; Individual; Individual Differences; Label; Lead; Link; Manufacturer; Marketing; Measures; Mediating; Menthol; Minority Groups; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Neurocognitive; Nicotine; Nicotine Dependence; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Perception; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Population; Poverty; Prevention; Prevention strategy; Process; Product Packaging; Psychological reinforcement; Race; Regulation; Research; Rewards; Risk; Risk Assessment; Rural; Scientist; Services; Severities; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Smoker; Smoking; Surveys; System; Testing; Tobacco; Tobacco use; Urine; Vulnerable Populations; abuse liability; addiction; addiction liability; cognitive control; contextual factors; craving; cue reactivity; design; experience; indexing; low socioeconomic status; lung injury; member; mortality; neural; neural network; neural patterning; neurobehavioral; neuroimaging; non-smoking; novel; predictive modeling; preference; racial disparity; racism; recruit; resilience; response; risk prediction; smoking initiation; social adversity; social culture; social disparities; socioeconomics; stressor; success; tobacco control; tobacco user; vaper; vaping; young adult

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The goal of this research is to identify neurobehavioral makers of tobacco use risk among young adult (YA) African American (AA) vapers and examine how these patterns of neural activation are impacted by social disadvantages and chronic stressors experienced in this population. Findings are expected to advance understanding of the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying tobacco use trajectories among YA AA vapers in the rural South and inform efforts to reduce racial disparities in tobacco harm. Given the accumulating evidence that vaping conveys 5-fold additional risk for smoking initiation and other tobacco use escalation, recent YA increases in use are alarming, threatening a resurgence of dependence that may reverse decades of tobacco control success. Vape product manufacturers engage in practices outlawed for cigarettes, targeting YA, low socioeconomic status, and minority groups, perpetuating tobacco disparities in these vulnerable populations. One of these practices, adding flavor, makes vaping more palatable to YA and broadens the impact of primary nicotine reinforcement through frequent paired associations. Coupled with targeted marketing and a YA AA preference for menthol flavor, the disproportionate environmental vulnerabilities and high rates of tobacco-related mortality and morbidity underscore the urgent need to identify mechanisms pertaining to how adversity contributes to tobacco use escalation. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) generates information complementary to traditional behavioral risk assessments, with direct observations of the neural substrates that underlie the subjective states known to perpetuate addiction. It also enables unprecedented isolation of effects in key neural networks associated with flavor and drug effects. The proposed project aims to identify novel neuromarkers of tobacco use escalation risk, determine whether sociocultural adversity is associated with these markers, and to examine the mechanisms by which these factors may interact. We propose to recruit 60 YA AA non-smoking vapers from rural Georgia. Three fMRI cue reactivity paradigms will be administered to probe critical neurobehavioral systems with high potential to account for individual differences in tobacco use escalation risk. Cues will include 1) vaping and smoking; 2) vape product packaging with and without flavors; and 3) Public Service Announcements with and without a focus on flavor harms. Resulting neuromarkers will be examined for associations with traditional markers (e.g., craving) that would suggest validity, and relationships with measures of contextual adversity. Findings are expected to advance understanding of mechanisms that predispose YA AA vapers to escalated tobacco use and suggest specific neural and contextual factors that can be addressed in prevention strategies to forestall tobacco use escalation (e.g., advertising, public service announcements, regulation of flavors). Results are also expected to support proof of concept for a future R01 application on neurobehaviorally informed preventions to deter escalation in tobacco use among vulnerable YA AA vapers.

项目概要/摘要 本研究的目的是确定年轻人 (YA) 烟草使用风险的神经行为因素 非裔美国人 (AA) 电子烟爱好者并研究这些神经激活模式如何受到社交的影响 该人群经历的不利因素和长期压力源。调查结果预计将取得进展 了解 YA AA 电子烟使用者烟草使用轨迹背后的神经认知机制 南方农村地区，并为减少烟草危害方面的种族差异的努力提供信息。鉴于不断积累 有证据表明电子烟会使开始吸烟和其他烟草使用升级的风险增加 5 倍， 最近 YA 使用量的增加令人震惊，可能会重新出现依赖，这可能会扭转数十年的局面 烟草控制的成功。电子烟产品制造商从事卷烟非法行为，目标是 青少年、低社会经济地位和少数群体，使这些弱势群体中的烟草不平等现象长期存在 人口。其中一种做法是添加风味，使电子烟对青少年来说更可口，并拓宽了电子烟的使用范围。 通过频繁的配对关联增强初级尼古丁的影响。再加上有针对性的 营销和 YA AA 对薄荷味的偏好、不成比例的环境脆弱性和 与烟草相关的高死亡率和发病率凸显了迫切需要确定机制 关于逆境如何导致烟草使用升级。功能磁共振成像 （fMRI）生成与传统行为风险评估互补的信息，直接 对构成已知使成瘾永久化的主观状态下的神经基质的观察。它还 能够前所未有地隔离与风味和药物效应相关的关键神经网络中的效应。这 拟议项目旨在识别烟草使用升级风险的新型神经标志物，确定是否 社会文化逆境与这些标记相关，并检查这些标记的机制 因素可能会相互作用。我们建议从佐治亚州农村招募 60 名 YA AA 不吸烟电子烟用户。三个功能磁共振线索 将管理反应范式来探索具有高潜力的关键神经行为系统 考虑烟草使用升级风险的个体差异。线索包括 1）吸电子烟和吸烟； 2） 电子烟产品包装有口味和无口味； 3) 有或没有的公共服务公告 关注风味危害。将检查所得的神经标记物与传统标记物的关联（例如， 渴望），这将表明有效性以及与情境逆境测量的关系。调查结果是 预计将促进对 YA AA 电子烟使用者增加烟草使用倾向的机制的理解 并提出可以在预防策略中解决的具体神经和背景因素，以防止 烟草使用升级（例如广告、公共服务公告、口味监管）。结果是 还预计支持未来 R01 在神经行为知情方面应用的概念验证 采取预防措施，阻止弱势 YA AA 电子烟使用者的烟草使用升级。