Gentrification, displacement, and health equity: Moving from risks to solutions

绅士化、流离失所和健康公平：从风险转向解决方案

• 批准号: 10536971
• 负责人: Shannon Whittaker
• 金额: $ 4.68万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10536971
• 关键词: Address; Affect; American; Area; Automobile Driving; Black Populations; Black race; Censuses; Color; Communication; Communities; Community Surveys; Complex; Connecticut; Crime; Data; Exclusion; Exposure to; Fellowship; Health; Health Promotion; Health behavior; Household; Housing; Individual; Infrastructure; Link; Low income; Measures; Mentors; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; National Health Interview Survey; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Perception; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Policies; Politics; Population; Population Group; Probability; Process; Race; Recording of previous events; Reduce health disparities; Research; Research Methodology; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Rupture; Social Network; Specific qualifier value; Statistical Methods; Stress; Structural Racism; Structure; Supermarket; Time; Typology; Urban Community; Urban Health; Work; base; career; community engagement; concept mapping; cost; design; displaced person; experience; health equity; health inequalities; longitudinal analysis; marginalized population; minority communities; multidisciplinary; population health; racial and ethnic; tool; working class

Project Summary/Abstract Gentrification is a significant determinant of health. As a multi-staged process of urban change that occurs in historically disinvested neighborhoods, gentrification may increase access and availability to health promoting resources such as supermarkets, parks and other recreational facilities, and public infrastructure, for some; and rupture social networks, increase the cost of housing and other goods, and displace people and risks, for others. Despite clear connections to health outcomes, many questions about how gentrification impacts resident health and how these impacts vary across populations, remain. Given the historical underpinnings of neighborhood disinvestment and the ongoing legacy of structural racism, Black, low-income communities are increasingly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of gentrification including displacement which can exist in multiple forms (e.g. cultural, political, and residential) to influence health. There is a dearth of research that examines the relationship between gentrification-induced displacement and health, especially within Black, low-income communities. The proposed F31 addresses this critical gap through two aims. First, through longitudinal analysis this project will examine the relationship between gentrification, occurring across space (census tracts) and time (data from 2000 to 2016), current year eviction rates (as a process of displacement), and self-rated health. This analysis will identify the concurrent effects of gentrification on eviction and health while also estimating the cumulative impact of gentrification over pre-specified periods of time. Analyses will assess race, measured as percent Black, as a moderator of this relationship. Next, I will conduct concept mapping, a mixed methods approach, among Black, low-income residents to explore: 1) the mechanisms that connect gentrification to displacement and displacement to three domains of health and well-being (i.e. access to health-promoting resources, individual health behaviors, and stress) and 2) perceptions of structural level solutions, in a framework of reparations, to reduce the risk and impact of gentrification-induced displacement. The proposed research addresses a critical need to examine displacement as a significant pathway linking gentrification to health in Black, low-income communities. Findings from this research will inform the creation of methodologies to examine multiple forms of gentrification-induced displacement at the individual level and help devise structural level solutions to disrupt gentrification-induced displacement and reduce related adverse health outcomes. After completion of this fellowship, the applicant will have an advanced skillset in longitudinal statistical methods, mixed-methods research, scientific communication, and community engagement. A multidisciplinary mentoring team will prepare the applicant for a career as an independent urban health equity researcher and academic mentor conducting gentrification research while designing structural level solutions to reduce health disparities for Black, low-income communities.

项目概要/摘要 中产阶级化是健康的一个重要决定因素。作为一个多阶段的城市变化过程，发生在 历史上投资不足的社区，中产阶级化可能会增加健康促进的机会和可用性 对某些人来说，超市、公园和其他娱乐设施以及公共基础设施等资源； 并破坏社会网络，增加住房和其他商品的成本，并导致人员流离失所和风险， 其他的。尽管与健康结果有明显的联系，但关于中产阶级化如何影响的许多问题 居民健康以及这些影响在不同人群中的差异仍然存在。鉴于历史基础 社区投资减少和结构性种族主义的持续遗留问题，黑人、低收入社区正在 越来越容易受到中产阶级化的不利影响，包括可能存在的流离失所 多种形式（例如文化、政治和居住）影响健康。缺乏这方面的研究 研究了中产阶级化引起的流离失所与健康之间的关系，特别是在黑人中， 低收入社区。拟议的 F31 通过两个目标解决这一关键差距。首先，通过 纵向分析该项目将研究跨空间发生的高档化之间的关系 （人口普查区）和时间（2000 年至 2016 年的数据）、当年驱逐率（作为流离失所的过程）、 和自我评价的健康状况。该分析将确定中产阶级化对驱逐和健康的同时影响 同时还估计高档化在预先指定的时间内的累积影响。分析将 评估种族（以黑人百分比来衡量）作为这种关系的调节因素。接下来我将进行概念 映射，一种混合​​方法，在黑人、低收入居民中探索：1）机制 将中产阶级化与流离失所联系起来，将流离失所与健康和福祉的三个领域联系起来（即获得 健康促进资源、个人健康行为和压力）以及 2）结构水平的认知 在赔偿框架内提出解决方案，以减少中产阶级化引起的流离失所的风险和影响。 拟议的研究解决了检查位移作为连接的重要途径的迫切需要 中产阶级化对黑人低收入社区健康的影响。这项研究的结果将为创建 在个人层面上检查多种形式的中产阶级化引起的流离失所的方法，并帮助 设计结构层面的解决方案，以破坏中产阶级化引起的流离失所，并减少相关的不利影响 健康结果。完成该奖学金后，申请人将拥有纵向方面的高级技能 统计方法、混合方法研究、科学传播和社区参与。一个 多学科指导团队将为申请人做好独立城市健康公平职业的准备 研究员和学术导师进行高档化研究，同时设计结构层面的解决方案 减少黑人、低收入社区的健康差距。