Net Worth Poverty and Children's Development

净资产贫困与儿童发展

基本信息

批准号：
10524469
负责人：
LISA A GENNETIAN
金额：
$ 24.15万
依托单位：
DUKE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-08-03 至 2024-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10524469
关键词：
Address Affect African American Age Attention Behavioral Black race Censuses Child Child Development Child Health Child Welfare Childhood Cognitive Collaborations Data Development Economics Effectiveness Family Foundations Future Growth Hispanic Household Income Income Tax Investigation Investments Knowledge Least-Squares Analysis Life Link Measures Modeling Outcome Personal Satisfaction Play Police Policies Poverty Problem behavior Randomized Controlled Trials Recording of previous events Research Resources Risk Role Security Signal Transduction Social Class Social Policies Sum Supplementation Surveys Taxes Testing United States Variant Work achievement test base behavioral outcome cognitive development deprivation design ethnic difference experience falls health economics improved innovation large scale data models and simulation neglect panel study of income dynamics poverty reduction racial and ethnic racial and ethnic disparities racial difference racial disparity social exclusion

项目摘要

1 Project Summary (limit 30 lines) 2 In the United States, economic precarity for children has been narrowly defined in terms of 3 income poverty (IP), which overlooks the large share of children who are at risk because their 4 families are net worth poor. Net worth poverty (NWP) refers to households whose net worth 5 (assets less debts) is less than one-fourth of the federal poverty. NWP is pervasive among 6 households with children (child households), as 35% of child households were net worth poor in 7 2019, with higher fractions of NWP among African American (57%) and Hispanic (50%) child 8 households. Three-fourths of child households who are net worth poor are not income poor and 9 the associations between NWP and child developmental outcomes are unlikely to be 10 attributable to IP. We propose that a narrow focus on IP ignores the potential risk faced by 11 children who are net worth poor, overlooks how NWP contributes to racial and ethnic gaps in 12 child well-being, and that policies that are income-centric will be limited in their effectiveness if 13 they do not also address NWP. This innovative research seeks to: 1) identify if NWP is 14 associated with children's cognitive and behavioral outcomes, and if NWP operates 15 independently of IP; 2) investigate how racial and ethnic disparities in NWP are associated with 16 racial and ethnic disparities in children's cognitive and behavioral outcomes; and 3) examine 17 how the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) alleviates NWP and its attendant negative 18 consequences on child well-being. Data come from the 1994-2019 Panel Study of Income 19 Dynamics (PSID) and its Child Development Survey (CDSS). In addition to growth curve 20 models, the project employs two-stage least squares to produce quasi-experimental estimates 21 of the effect of EITC on NWP and child outcomes and Agent Based Models (ABMs), a 22 simulation modeling approach to explore “what if” scenarios. Models will be conducted 23 separately by child age to investigate if associations vary by developmental stage. This project 24 advances knowledge by analyzing the unique risks posed by wealth deprivation and evaluating 25 their consequences for the well-being of African American and Hispanic children. Our work also 26 lays the foundation for a randomized control trial that would test the NWP-reducing effects of 27 cash and asset transfers. In sum, we contribute social and policy knowledge to an overlooked 28 component of economic deprivation, delineate the potential consequence of wealth deprivation 29 for racial and ethnic gaps in child well-being and inform ongoing policy efforts as to how 30 economic-resource centered policies and practices can enhance the well-being of children.

1份项目摘要（限30行） 2 在美国，儿童的经济不稳定被狭义地定义为： 3 收入贫困 (IP)，它忽视了大部分处于危险之中的儿童，因为他们的收入 4 家庭净资产贫困（NWP）是指净资产贫困的家庭。 5（资产减去债务）不到联邦贫困人口的四分之一。 6 个有孩子的家庭（儿童家庭），因为 35% 的儿童家庭净资产贫困 2019 年 7 月，非裔美国人 (57%) 和西班牙裔 (50%) 儿童的 NWP 比例较高 8 净资产贫困的儿童家庭中四分之三的家庭并非收入贫困且 9 NWP 与儿童发展结果之间的关联不太可能是 10 我们认为，狭隘地关注知识产权会忽视知识产权所面临的潜在风险。 11 名净资产贫困的儿童忽视了 NWP 如何加剧种族和民族差距 12 儿童福祉，并且以收入为中心的政策的有效性将受到限制，如果 13 他们也不涉及数值天气预报。这项创新研究旨在：1) 确定数值天气预报是否是数值天气预报。 14 与儿童的认知和行为结果相关，以及 NWP 是否起作用 15 独立于 IP；2) 调查 NWP 中的种族和民族差异如何与 16 儿童认知和行为结果的种族和民族差异；3) 检查 17 所得税抵免 (EITC) 如何减轻 NWP 及其随之而来的负面影响 18 对儿童福祉的影响数据来自 1994-2019 年收入小组研究。 19 Dynamics (PSID) 及其儿童发展调查 (CDSS) 除了生长曲线。 20个模型，该项目采用两阶段最小二乘法来产生准实验估计 21 EITC 对 NWP 和儿童结果以及基于主体的模型 (ABM) 的影响，a 将进行 22 种模拟建模方法来探索“假设”场景。 23 分别按儿童年龄调查关联是否因发育阶段而异。 24 通过分析财富剥夺带来的独特风险并评估来增进知识 25 它们对非裔美国人和西班牙裔儿童的福祉也产生了影响。 26 为一项随机对照试验奠定了基础，该试验将测试 NWP 降低的效果 27 现金和资产转移总之，我们为被忽视的领域贡献社会和政策知识。 28 经济剥夺的组成部分，描述财富剥夺的潜在后果 29 儿童福祉方面的种族和民族差距，并为正在进行的政策努力提供信息 30 项以经济资源为中心的政策和做法可以增进儿童的福祉。