Maternal Employment, Low-Income Youth, and Neighborhoods

孕产妇就业、低收入青年和社区

基本信息

批准号：
7006055
负责人：
LISA A GENNETIAN
金额：
$ 6.58万
依托单位：
MANPOWER DEMONSTRATION RESEARCH CORP
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2005-01-10 至 2006-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7006055
关键词：
adolescence (12-20)behavioral /social science research tag child welfare clinical research community developmental psychology employment of women family structure /dynamics human data immigrant low socioeconomic status racial /ethnic difference socioeconomics socioenvironment urban poverty area

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The purpose of this study is to understand the effects of maternal employment among single mothers on the development of low-income adolescents. The proposed analyses aim to bridge the empirical findings from two areas of research on adolescent development by focusing on several key features of maternal employment and neighborhood context, in particular, economic disadvantage and social organization. More specifically, I intend to address the following questions: What is the effect of entry into and loss of maternal employment and characteristics of employment on the development of low-income adolescents? How does this effect differ during transitions from early to later adolescence versus transitions from late adolescence to early adulthood? Controlling for a variety of family and child level observed and unobserved characteristics, how does neighborhood context influence these effects? There are four key contributions of this study. First, by having data from four large urban areas post 1998 on a representative sample of welfare and working-poor families the findings can be generalized to a broader population of low-income single-parent families than has been possible in prior studies. Second, the data have multiple types of variation that can be exploited in empirical models--longitudinal information at a neighborhood, family as well as child level and cross-sectional neighborhood variation by family as well as child--to control for confounding unobserved or difficult to measure characteristics in estimating these relationships. Third, the large sample of low-income youth provide the power to examine effects separately for subgroups, particularly by age depicting transitions in adolescent development as well as racial/ethnic background and immigrant status (in addition to relative levels of disadvantage of the family, family and sibling structure). Fourth, the neighborhood data include the decennial census data available to most researchers as well as a wealth of annual indicators collected from local administrative agencies including child welfare. This study is a substantive opportunity to understand the economic determinants of adolescent development among low-income single-parent families. The findings will inform both developmental and economic theory as well as policy.

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究的目的是了解单亲母亲中母亲就业对低收入青少年发展的影响。拟议的分析旨在通过关注母亲就业和邻里环境的几个关键特征，特别是经济劣势和社会组织，将青少年发展研究的两个领域的实证结果联系起来。更具体地说，我想解决以下问题：孕产妇就业的进入和丧失以及就业特征对低收入青少年的发展有何影响？从青春期早期到青春期后期的过渡与从青春期后期到成年早期的过渡期间，这种效应有何不同？控制各种家庭和儿童层面观察到和未观察到的特征，邻里环境如何影响这些影响？这项研究有四个关键贡献。首先，通过 1998 年以后四个大城市地区关于福利和工作贫困家庭代表性样本的数据，研究结果可以推广到比以前的研究更广泛的低收入单亲家庭人口。其次，数据具有多种类型的变化，可以在经验模型中利用——邻里、家庭和儿童层面的纵向信息以及家庭和儿童的横断面邻里变化——以控制未观察到的或未观察到的混杂因素。在估计这些关系时很难测量特征。第三，低收入青年的大量样本提供了单独检查亚组影响的能力，特别是通过描述青少年发展转变的年龄以及种族/族裔背景和移民身份（除了家庭的相对不利程度，家庭和兄弟姐妹结构）。第四，邻里数据包括大多数研究人员可获得的十年一次的人口普查数据，以及从当地行政机构（包括儿童福利）收集的大量年度指标。这项研究是了解低收入单亲家庭青少年发展的经济决定因素的实质性机会。研究结果将为发展和经济理论以及政策提供信息。