Brain Development, Behavior and Cognition in Pre- and Postnatal Cocaine Exposure

产前和产后接触可卡因时的大脑发育、行为和认知

• 批准号: 7763261
• 负责人: TAMARA Duckworth WARNER
• 金额: $ 18.54万
• 依托单位: EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-30 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7763261
• 关键词: 14 year old; Adolescent; Age; Aggressive behavior; Allegra; Animal Model; Animals; Anisotropy; Area; Arts; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain imaging; Cereals; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Child; Cocaine; Cognition; Cognitive; Collection; Computer software; Computers; Data; Data Analyses; Data Collection; Data Set; Databases; Development; Dictionary; Diffusion; Drug Exposure; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Dysmorphology; Enrollment; Exposure to; Fetal Cocaine Exposure; Fiber; Funding; Goals; Gray unit of radiation dose; Hair; Hand; Housing; Human; Image; Image Analysis; Interview; Knowledge; Label; Language; Left; Libraries; Literature; Long-Term Effects; Longitudinal Studies; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Methodology; Methods; Modality; Morphology; Names; Neuroanatomy; Neuropsychological Tests; Neuropsychology; Neurotransmitters; Output; Paper; Parietal; Participant; Pattern; Performance; Phase; Procedures; Publishing; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Resolution; Risk Factors; Running; Sampling; Scanning; Screening procedure; Self-Administered; Shapes; Specific qualifier value; Structure; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substance abuse problem; Surface; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Thick; Thinking; Time; Universities; Water Movements; Weight; Writing; Youth; alcohol and other drug; base; behavior measurement; brain morphology; brain shape; brain volume; child battery; cocaine exposure; cocaine use; cognitive function; computerized; data integrity; database design; density; design; drug of abuse; executive function; frontal lobe; gray matter; interest; morphometry; multidisciplinary; neuroimaging; neuropsychological; novel; postnatal; prenatal; programs; prospective; public health relevance; response; skills; statistics; tool; white matter

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Knowledge about the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) on brain development, behavior and cognition in humans lags far behind that of other drugs of abuse. Evidence from animal studies suggests that PCE causes significant alterations in gray matter and white matter development with long-lasting implications for behavioral functioning. Human neuroimaging studies in children and adolescents with PCE to date have revealed no gross structural brain abnormalities; however, decreases in subcortical structure volumes and differences in the integrity of white matter tracts in the frontal lobe have been reported. Studies of neuropsychological functioning in children with PCE have yielded mixed results. Generally, children with PCE do not show significant decrements in overall cognitive abilities as measured by IQ tests but do show some problems with specific skills related to attention control, response inhibition, and other aspects of executive functioning. Our group has previously demonstrated significant relationships between frontal white matter development and executive functioning in a sample of children with PCE relative to those without. Compared to PCE, knowledge about the effects of postnatal cocaine exposure on brain development comes solely from animal models. These studies reveal alterations in neurotransmitter functioning that correlate with impulsive and aggressive behavior. In response to RA-DA-09-020 Secondary Data Analyses for Substance Abuse Research (R21/R33), we propose to use two datasets from a NIDA-funded longitudinal study of PCE that included prospective enrollment of participants, quantitative measures of drug exposures, excellent retention, and repeated collection of child hair samples to detect cocaine use among the youth. The two datasets, collected at ages 101/2 to 121/2 and ages 14 to 16, include high-resolution T1-weighted and diffusion tensor neuroimaging data, neuropsychological assessments, and standardized behavior reports. This multidisciplinary project brings together investigators from three universities with expertise in neuropsychology, imaging, neuroanatomy, prenatal drug abuse research, and statistics. Using advanced, state-of- the-art image analysis techniques including cortical pattern matching, tensor based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics, this project promises to yield important scientific information about the effects of PCE and the combined effects of pre- and postnatal cocaine exposure on the structure and function of the developing human brain. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Although subtle effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on behavior and thinking abilities have been demonstrated, the literature considerably lags behind our understanding of the effects of alcohol and other drugs on brain development and behavior. This study will provide vital information regarding the long-term effects of prenatal cocaine exposure, as well as postnatal use, on brain development, cognition, and behavior in children and adolescents. Emphasis is placed on the use of novel, cutting edge, state-of-the-art structural image analysis tools in conjunction with sophisticated neuropsychological tests to better understand the effects of cocaine on the structure and function of the developing human brain.

描述（申请人提供）：有关可卡因暴露（PCE）对人类脑发育，行为和认知的影响的知识，该人类落后于其他滥用药物的影响。来自动物研究的证据表明，PCE会引起灰质和白质发育的重大改变，对行为功能的持久影响。迄今为止，对PCE的儿童和青少年进行的人类神经影像学研究表明，结构性脑部异常没有。然而，据报道，额叶中白质区域的完整性的下层结构体积减少。 PCE儿童神经心理功能的研究产生了不同的结果。通常，患有PCE的儿童并未显示出智商测试衡量的总体认知能力的显着降低，但确实显示出与注意力控制，抑制和执行功能的其他方面有关的特定技能的一些问题。我们的小组以前已经表现出额叶白质的发展与执行功能之间相对于没有PCE的儿童的样本之间的显着关系。与PCE相比，关于产后可卡因暴露对脑发育的影响的知识仅来自动物模型。这些研究揭示了神经递质功能的改变，与冲动和侵略行为相关。 In response to RA-DA-09-020 Secondary Data Analyses for Substance Abuse Research (R21/R33), we propose to use two datasets from a NIDA-funded longitudinal study of PCE that included prospective enrollment of participants, quantitative measures of drug exposures, excellent retention, and repeated collection of child hair samples to detect cocaine use among the youth.这两个数据集在101/2至121/2和14至16岁之间收集，包括高分辨率T1加权和扩散张量张量神经成像数据，神经心理学评估以及标准化的行为报告。这个多学科项目将来自三所大学的研究人员汇集了具有神经心理学，成像，神经解剖学，产前药物滥用研究和统计的专业知识。该项目使用先进的，最先进的图像分析技术，包括皮质模式匹配，基于张量的形态计量学和基于区域的空间统计，该项目有望产生有关PCE效应以及产前和产后可卡因暴露于发育中人脑结构和功能的重要科学信息。 公共卫生相关性：尽管已经证明了产前可卡因对行为和思维能力的微妙影响，但文献却在我们对酒精和其他药物对脑发育和行为的影响的理解背后落后。这项研究将提供有关儿童和青少年对脑发育，认知和行为的长期影响以及产后使用以及产后使用的长期影响的重要信息。重点放在使用新颖，最先进的最先进的结构图像分析工具以及复杂的神经心理学测试中，以更好地了解可卡因对发展中人脑的结构和功能的影响。