Dual-Process Models of Alcohol Use in Late Adolescence

青春期后期饮酒的双过程模型

• 批准号: 10227450
• 负责人: Hector Ismael Lopez-Vergara
• 金额: $ 19.45万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-05-10 至 2022-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10227450
• 关键词: 20 year old; Accounting; Adolescence; Age; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholism; Alcohols; Applications Grants; Attenuated; Cannabis; Clinical; Data Collection; Development; Drug usage; Etiology; Female; Frequencies; Funding; Future; Goals; Grant; Heterogeneity; Hypersensitivity; Individual; Individual Differences; Intervention; Investigation; Lead; Longevity; Measures; Memory; Mental Health; Mentored Research Scientist Development Award; Mentors; Methodology; Middle School Student; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Motivation; Movement; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Negative Valence; Nomenclature; Online Systems; Participant; Pathologic; Pathway interactions; Performance; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phenotype; Positive Valence; Process; Psychological reinforcement; Psychopathology; Punishment; Research; Rewards; Risk; Risk Factors; Sampling; Schedule; Short-Term Memory; Specificity; Structure; Survey Methodology; Symptoms; System; Testing; Training; Youth; addiction; alcohol comorbidity; alcohol involvement; alcohol risk; alcohol use initiation; base; career; cognitive control; comorbidity; design; drinking; executive function; high risk drinking; high school; improved; insight; marijuana use; marijuana use disorder; mortality; prospective; prospective test; public health relevance; societal costs; tool; young adult

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This Mentored Clinical Scientist Research Development Award (K08) will enable the applicant to develop expertise designing and implementing studies using performance-based tasks as a methodological tool for investigating etiological processes that are not easily accessible via introspection. Alcohol is the most commonly used drug in adolescence, with higher levels of drinking being robustly associated with cannabis use (the second most used drug) and externalizing and internalizing problems. Dual-process models explain heterogeneity and co-morbidity of alcohol use by postulating individual differences in motivation and cognitive control as risk factors for problematic drinking Different theoretical perspectives have emerged; some construe motivation as individual differences in reinforcement sensitivity, others as drug-specific memory associations. Motivational and cognitive control risk factors have been shown to predict externalizing and internalizing psychopathology, and hence dual-process models can elucidate who is at risk for drinking, and why drinking frequently co-occurs with other drug use and externalizing/internalizing problems. This project will be the first to concurrently test alternatie conceptualizations of motivation in dual-process models, and to examine the multi- dimensional structure of cognitive control in dual-process models. A better understanding of specific mechanisms in the development of drinking can inform our theoretical understanding of addictions, and potentially lead to interventions that target idiosyncratic etiological mechanisms. Training involves original data collection; 150 18-20 year olds are proposed to be sampled from a larger NIAAA funded project examining the development of drinking milestones. A battery of performance-based tasks will be administered to the sub- sample upon completion of participation in the larger study; tasks will measure different facets of motivation (reinforcement sensitivity, drug specific memory associations) and cognitive control (set-shifting, inhibition, working memory capacity). Web-based survey methods will be used to provide a short-term prospective test of dual-process models as applied to: alcohol and cannabis use/problem use, and symptoms of externalizing and internalizing psychopathology. The association of alcohol involvement with cannabis use, and externalizing and internalizing symptoms is expected to be attenuated after accounting for shared etiological mechanisms. This research will lead to subsequent R01 grant applications involving: 1) different pathways to the initiation of drinking, 2 the emergence of alcohol and cannabis use disorders in late-adolescence/young adulthood, and 3) transdiagnostic etiological models of alcoholism and psychopathology. This K08 will train the applicant for an independent research career in the field of addictions by expanding the breadth and depth of my programmatic line of research.

 描述（由申请人提供）：该指导临床科学家研究开发奖（K08）将使申请人能够利用基于绩效的任务作为方法工具来开发设计和实施研究的专业知识，以调查通过内省不易获得的病因过程。是青春期最常用的药物，较高的饮酒水平与大麻（第二大使用药物）的使用密切相关，并且双过程模型解释了异质性和内化问题。将动机和认知控制的个体差异作为有问题的饮酒的风险因素已经出现了不同的理论观点；一些将动机解释为强化敏感性的个体差异，另一些将动机解释为药物特异性记忆关联。已证明因素可以预测外化和内化精神病理学，因此双过程模型可以阐明谁有饮酒风险，以及为什么饮酒经常与其他药物使用和外化/内化问题同时发生。该项目将是第一个。同时测试双过程模型中动机的替代概念，并检查双过程模型中认知控制的多维结构。更好地理解饮酒发展的具体机制可以为我们对成瘾的理论理解提供信息。可能导致针对特殊病因机制的干预措施。 培训涉及原始数据收集；建议从 NIAAA 资助的大型项目中抽取样本，检查饮酒里程碑的发展情况，完成参与后将对子样本进行一系列基于绩效的任务。更大的研究；任务将衡量动机的不同方面（强化） 基于网络的调查方法将用于提供双过程模型的短期前瞻性测试，适用于：酒精和大麻的使用/问题使用，以及外化和内化精神病理学的症状。在考虑到共同的病因机制后，外化和内化症状预计会减弱，该研究将导致后续的 R01 拨款申请涉及： 1) 开始饮酒的不同途径，2 青春期后期/青年时期酒精和大麻使用障碍的出现，以及 3) 酒精中毒和精神病理学的跨诊断病因学模型 该 K08 将培训申请人从事独立研究职业。通过扩大我的计划性研究的广度和深度来研究成瘾领域。