Oral Biofilms and the Immune System

口腔生物膜和免疫系统

• 批准号: 7471966
• 负责人: Kim Janda
• 金额: $ 23.69万
• 依托单位: SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-04-01 至 2010-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7471966
• 关键词: Accounting; Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine; Address; Agonist; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-inflammatory; Appendix; Applications Grants; Bacterial DNA; Bacterial Infections; Biochemical Genetics; Biological; Biological Assay; Cell Death; Cells; Cellular Stress; Chemicals; Chronic; Class; Collaborations; Communicable Diseases; Cystic Fibrosis; DPYD gene; Data; Dental caries; Diagnosis; Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase; Disease; Environment; Evaluation; Family; Family member; Growth; Host Defense Mechanism; Immune; Immune System Diseases; Immune response; Immune system; Immunity; In Vitro; Infection; Inflammatory; Injury; Investigation; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lead; Lipopolysaccharides; Mammalian Cell; Measurement; Mediator of activation protein; Messenger RNA; Microbe; Microbial Biofilms; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Molecular; Mouth Diseases; Myelogenous; Myeloid Cells; N-(3-oxododecanoyl)homoserine lactone; NIH Program Announcements; Natural Immunity; Oligonucleotides; Oligopeptides; Oral; Oral cavity; Organ; Organism; Pathway interactions; Peptides; Peptidoglycan; Personal Satisfaction; Phase; Phosphorylation; Polysaccharides; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Process; Proteins; Publications; Publishing; Research; Research Institute; Ribose; Series; Signal Pathway; Signal Transduction; Site; Surface; TLR4 gene; Tissues; Toll-like receptors; Tooth structure; Work; antimicrobial; base; cell growth; cell type; chemical synthesis; chemokine; cytokine; design; homoserine lactone; immune function; improved; in vivo; man; member; microbial; novel therapeutics; oral biofilm; prevent; pulmonary function; quorum sensing; receptor; research study; response; soft tissue

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is our revised application in response to Program Announcement PA-06-538 that specifically aims to stimulate research on host response to microbial biofilms leading to improved strategies for diagnosing, preventing, and treating biofilm-associated infectious diseases. We propose to investigate the effects of key molecules used by microbes to coordinate biofilm formation, namely bacterial quorum sensing (QS) factors, on cells of the host innate immune system. Biofilms are clinically important, accounting for over 80 percent of microbial infections in the body. The importance of bacterial QS factors in biofilm formation is supported by a large body of in vitro and in vivo data resulting from genetic, biochemical and biological studies with Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms. QS factors are small, diffusible molecules of different chemical classes that include the AHL series, oligopeptides, and the ribose-derived DPD/AI-2 molecule. The presence of QS factors in biofilms is well documented. In addition, biofilms release a multiplicity of other biologically active, bacterially-derived molecules, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), peptidoglycan fragments, and bacterial DNA, into the local environment. These bacterial products stimulate the host innate immune response via receptors that include those of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and the Nod-like receptor (NLR) families. Yet despite the presence of normal systemic immune function, biofilms still form. This paradox may be due to bacterial factors that lead to a local suppression of normal innate immune mechanisms. Thus, we hypothesize that in the micro-environment of the oral cavity or in other sites where biofilms form, one or more classes of QS factors may contribute to immune dysfunction through direct or indirect effects on host cells. Based on our recently published data, we postulate that some QS factors are anti-inflammatory in their actions on host cells; however, other QS factors might act in a pro-inflammatory manner. The experiments outlined here will evaluate which members of the QS factor classes have the ability to modulate normal host innate immune responses, to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of this modulation and will, ultimately, provide information needed to develop new therapeutic strategies. This application brings together two highly regarded research groups located at The Scripps Research Institute - the Ulevitch group with many years of expertise in studies of fundamental mechanisms of innate immunity and the Janda laboratory that is internationally recognized for its work on the chemical synthesis of QS factors. We believe this collaboration will bridge a major gap in our understanding about how processes leading to biofilm formation as well as the biofilm itself influences host immunity. Project Narrative: Biofilm formation in man is present in a majority of disease states where chronic bacterial infection leads to tissue destruction and loss of organ function. This includes diseases as diverse as dental caries and loss of pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis. This proposal is designed to bridge the gap in our knowledge about bacterial-derived biofilms influence the host immune response in the micro-environment where infections occur. The specific focus is on bacterial quorum sensing factors that are essential signals for biofilm formation by the microbe and that we have recently shown have profound effects on host immunity. By further identifying the underlying mechanisms whereby quorum sensing factors may influence host immunity we expect to design new therapeutic approaches to treating chronic infection in man.

描述（由申请人提供）：这是我们对计划公告PA-06-538的修订申请，该申请特别旨在刺激对宿主对微生物生物膜反应的研究，从而改善了诊断，预防和治疗生物膜相关的感染性疾病的策略。 我们建议研究微生物用于协调生物膜形成的关键分子的影响，即细菌群体传感（QS）因子对宿主先天免疫系统的细胞的影响。生物膜在临床上很重要，占体内微生物感染的80％以上。细菌QS因子在生物膜形成中的重要性由遗传，生化和生物学研究产生的大量体外和体内数据支持，并具有革兰氏阴性和革兰氏阴性生物体。 QS因子是不同化学类别的小分子，包括AHL系列，寡肽和核糖衍生的DPD/AI-2分子。生物膜中QS因子的存在已充分记录。此外，生物膜释放出多种生物活性，细菌衍生的分子，例如细菌脂多糖（LPS），肽聚糖片段和细菌DNA。这些细菌产物通过受体刺激宿主先天免疫反应，包括收费受体（TLR）和点头样受体（NLR）家族的受体。尽管存在正常的全身免疫功能，但仍会形成生物膜。该悖论可能是由于细菌因子导致正常先天免疫机制的局部抑制。因此，我们假设在口腔的微环境中或在形成生物膜的其他地点中，一种或多种QS因子可能通过直接或间接对宿主细胞的直接或间接影响导致免疫功能障碍。根据我们最近发表的数据，我们假设某些QS因素在其对宿主细胞的作用中具有抗炎作用。但是，其他QS因素可能以促炎的方式起作用。此处概述的实验将评估QS因子类的哪些成员具有调节正常宿主先天免疫反应的能力，以了解该调节的基本分子机制，并最终提供开发新的治疗策略所需的信息。该应用程序汇集了位于Scripps研究所的两个备受推崇的研究小组 - Ulevitch集团，在基本机制的基本机制研究中具有多年的专业知识和Janda实验室，该研究因其在QS因子的化学合成方面而受到国际认可。我们认为，这种合作将弥合我们对导致生物膜形成的过程以及生物膜本身影响宿主免疫力的理解的重大差距。 项目叙述：人类中的生物膜形成存在于大多数疾病状态，在慢性细菌感染导致组织破坏和器官功能丧失。这包括像龋齿一样多样化的疾病以及囊性纤维化中肺功能的丧失。该建议旨在弥合我们对细菌衍生的生物膜的了解，影响发生感染的微环境中的宿主免疫反应。具体的重点是细菌群体传感因子是微生物形成生物膜必不可少的信号，并且我们最近显示的对宿主免疫具有深远的影响。通过进一步识别基本机制，在这些机制中，法规感应因子可能会影响宿主免疫，我们期望设计新的治疗方法来治疗人类的慢性感染。