U HAWAII COBRE: ADMINISTRATIVE & MENTORING CORE

夏威夷大学 COBRE：行政

• 批准号: 7610517
• 负责人: RICHARD YANAGIHARA
• 金额: $ 29.79万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-07-01 至 2008-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7610517
• 关键词: Acute; Affect; Americas; Animals; Anxiety; Asia; Avian Influenza; Birds; Communicable Diseases; Communities; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Country; Dengue; Dengue Virus; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Development; Diagnosis; Diagnostic tests; Disadvantaged; Disease Outbreaks; Domestic Fowls; Economics; Encephalitis; Event; Faculty; Fright; Funding; Future; Geographic Locations; Grant; Hawaii; Human; Human Papillomavirus; Immune response; Indonesia; Infection; Infectious Diseases Research; Influenza; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype; Insect Vectors; Institution; Investigation; Laboratories; Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri; Medical; Medical Surveillance; Mentors; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; Movement; Nipah Virus; Numbers; Oceania; Operative Surgical Procedures; Pacific Islands; Personal Satisfaction; Population Growth; Positioning Attribute; Public Health; Rate; Reporting; Research; Research Infrastructure; Research Personnel; Research Support; Research Training; Resources; Rheumatic Fever; Risk Factors; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; Source; Southeastern Asia; Streptococcus; Thailand; Travel; United States National Institutes of Health; Universities; Vietnam; Women' s Group; efficacy trial; ethnic minority population; health economics; improved; microbial; microbial disease; migratory bird; mortality; pandemic disease; pandemic influenza; programs; vaccine efficacy; wild bird

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. A dramatic global resurgence of infectious diseases has occurred during the past 25 years, such that infectious diseases have regained their position as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Moreover, infectious diseases are among the most important public health and economic problems facing the Asia-Pacific region at the beginning of the new millennium. Unbridled population growth and widespread environmental upheaval throughout Asia and Oceania, along with the insidious breakdown of the public health infrastructure, have contributed to the resurgence of infectious diseases. Movements of people, animals and insect vectors via jet travel have also greatly facilitated the dissemination of infectious diseases. A recent example is the outbreak of dengue fever in Hawaii in 2001, after a hiatus of nearly 60 years. Thus, heightened capacity for infectious diseases surveillance is urgently needed. The strategic geographic location and strong ties to resource-poor developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region places the University of Hawaii at Manoa in a unique position to monitor the emergence or introduction and spread of newly recognized infectious diseases, such as Nipah virus encephalitis and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Against this backdrop, the Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research is being developed as a multi-disciplinary center of excellence for research and training in infectious diseases and as a regional reference center for the diagnosis and control of new, emerging and re-emerging microbial threats. Investigations will focus on the risk factors associated with acquisition of infection with human papillomaviruses (which cause cervical cancer in women) and group A streptococci (which cause acute rheumatic fever). In addition, the immune responses to dengue viruses will be studied, as part of a larger program aimed at conducting vaccine efficacy trials. In addition, studies will focus on the development of improved rapid diagnostic tests for medically important microbial diseases. Each of these infectious diseases is of local and regional importance and disproportionately affect under-served ethnic minorities and disadvantaged or marginalized communities in Hawaii and the Asia-Pacific region. Outbreaks of avian influenza virus (H5N1 or bird flu) infection in domestic fowl and migratory birds have now been reported in more than 60 countries worldwide. Although the number of H5N1 infections in humans has been relatively low (with most of the 200 cases occurring thus far in Vietnam, Indonesia and Thailand), the high mortality rate of nearly 50% has heightened fear and produced growing anxiety that the next human influenza pandemic will emerge. That the 1918 H1N1 pandemic was of avian origin has further fueled concern. These current events in Asia pose a real threat to the public health of Pacific Island nations as well as the Americas, by virtue of rapid and unrestricted jet travel and the known flyways of migratory wild birds. Moreover, the current and future economic toll is enormous. With the establishment of the Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, as a multi-disciplinary center of excellence for research and training in infectious diseases, the University of Hawaii at Manoa will be well positioned to make meaningful contributions to the study of such new, emerging and re-emerging microbial threats, especially those originating in southeast Asia. Specific Aim 1. Build institutional capacity by mentoring a cadre of promising young faculty to conduct research on infectious diseases of medical importance to the Asia-Pacific region. Specific Aim 2. Improve research competitiveness by enhancing the capacity for mentoring and expanding the capability of the technical support infrastructure. Specific Aim 3. Diversify the research breadth and trans-disciplinary scope of the Center through targeted recruitment and retention of funded faculty with complementary expertise and through centralization of laboratory space and research-support operations.

该子项目是利用该技术的众多研究子项目之一 资源由 NIH/NCRR 资助的中心拨款提供。子项目及 研究者 (PI) 可能已从 NIH 的另一个来源获得主要资金， 因此可以在其他 CRISP 条目中表示。列出的机构是 对于中心来说，它不一定是研究者的机构。 过去25年来，传染病在全球范围内急剧卷土重来，传染病重新成为全球发病和死亡的主要原因。 此外，传染病是新千年之初亚太地区面临的最重要的公共卫生和经济问题之一。 整个亚洲和大洋洲肆无忌惮的人口增长和广泛的环境剧变，加上公共卫生基础设施的潜在崩溃，导致了传染病的死灰复燃。 通过喷气式飞机旅行的人、动物和昆虫媒介的流动也极大地促进了传染病的传播。 最近的一个例子是 2001 年夏威夷爆发登革热，此前该疫情已经中断了近 60 年。 因此，迫切需要提高传染病监测能力。 夏威夷大学马诺阿分校的战略地理位置以及与亚太地区资源匮乏的发展中国家的紧密联系使该校在监测尼帕病毒脑炎和流感等新发现的传染病的出现或引入和传播方面处于独特的地位。严重急性呼吸系统综合症（SARS）。 在此背景下，太平洋新发传染病研究中心正在发展成为传染病研究和培训的多学科卓越中心，以及诊断和控制新出现和重现微生物的区域参考中心。威胁。 调查将集中于与人乳头瘤病毒（导致女性宫颈癌）和 A 族链球菌（导致急性风湿热）感染相关的风险因素。 此外，还将研究对登革热病毒的免疫反应，作为旨在进行疫苗功效试验的更大计划的一部分。 此外，研究将集中于开发针对医学上重要的微生物疾病的改进的快速诊断测试。 这些传染病都具有地方和区域重要性，并且对夏威夷和亚太地区服务不足的少数民族以及弱势或边缘化社区造成不成比例的影响。 目前全球已有 60 多个国家报告家禽和候鸟爆发禽流感病毒（H5N1 或禽流感）感染。 尽管人类感染 H5N1 的数量相对较低（迄今为止 200 例病例中的大多数发生在越南、印度尼西亚和泰国），但近 50% 的高死亡率加剧了人们的恐惧，并引发了人们对下一次人类流感的担忧。大流行将会出现。 1918 年 H1N1 流感大流行的起源进一步加剧了人们的担忧。 由于快速且不受限制的喷气式飞机旅行以及已知的候鸟迁徙路线，亚洲当前发生的这些事件对太平洋岛国以及美洲的公共卫生构成了真正的威胁。 此外，当前和未来的经济损失是巨大的。 随着太平洋新发传染病研究中心的成立，作为传染病研究和培训的多学科卓越中心，夏威夷大学马诺阿分校将处于有利地位，为此类疾病的研究做出有意义的贡献。新的、正在出现的和重新出现的微生物威胁，特别是来自东南亚的微生物威胁。 具体目标 1. 通过指导一批有前途的年轻教师开展对亚太地区具有医学重要性的传染病研究来建设机构能力。 具体目标 2. 通过增强指导能力和扩大技术支持基础设施的能力来提高研究竞争力。 具体目标 3. 通过有针对性地招募和保留具有互补专业知识的受资助教师以及通过实验室空间和研究支持业务的集中化，使中心的研究广度和跨学科范围多样化。