MATERNAL RESPONSIVITY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN WITH FXS

母亲的反应和 FXS 儿童的发育

• 批准号: 7482834
• 负责人: STEVEN F. WARREN
• 金额: $ 31.45万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-07-01 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7482834
• 关键词: Accounting; Affect; Age; Autistic Disorder; Behavior; Belief; Characteristics; Child; Child Behavior; Child Development; Child Language; Childhood; Climate; Cognitive; Collection; Communication; Competence; Condition; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Data Analyses; Data Collection; Development; Dimensions; Educational Background; Emotional; Exposure to; Expressed Emotion; Family; Fragile X Syndrome; Funding; Goals; Growth; Intervention; Interview; Language; Language Development; Link; Measurement; Measures; Mediator of activation protein; Mental Depression; Mothers; Numbers; Outcome; Outcome Measure; Parenting behavior; Parents; Perception; Play; Problem behavior; Progress Reports; Range; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Role; Sampling; Score; Severities; Shapes; Social Development; Staging; Stress; Structure; Symptoms; Temperament; Time; Work; autistic behaviour; base; cohort; early childhood; social; theories

A. SPECIFIC AIMS There is a substantial and growing body of evidence that cumulative exposure to a stable, highly responsive parenting style throughout the early childhood period is associated with a variety of child benefits in terms of language, cognitive, emotional, and social development (Landry, Smith, Miller-Loncar, & Swank, 1998; Landry, Smith, Swank, Assel & Vellet, 2001; Tamis-LeMonda, Bornstein, & Baumwell, 2001). More recently experimental evidence of a causal role for responsiveness in terms of growth in child social, emotional, communication and cognitive competence has been reported (Landry, Smith, Swank, Assel, & Gunnewig, 2006). Conversely, there is also substantial evidence that long-term exposure to a harsh and/or unresponsive and directive parenting style is associated with sub-optimal outcomes across the same developmental domains (Hart & Risley, 1995; Bates, Pettit, Dodge, & Ridge, 1998). Parenting style itself can be affected by a number of variables including parental emotional state (e.g., depression, stress), beliefs and values, maternal education level as well as variables such as the child's temperament and developmental level (Bornstein, 1995; Shapiro, Blacher & Lopez, 1998). We view maternal responsivity as a dynamic construct of central importance to optimal parenting during the early childhood years and perhaps beyond. We presume, based on both theory and a substantial amount of previous research that the impact of maternal responsivity is cumulative and plays out over many years. Maternal responsivity is a broad construct and part of a parent's overall parenting style. It can be measured in a number of ways and likewise can influence development along a number of dimensions. Furthermore, maternal responsivity is not necessarily a fixed or stable parent attribute, but instead one that may vary and change for a variety of reasons in important and substantial ways over time (Landry et al., 2001). Our research indicates that maternal responsivity may also play a substantial role in the development of young children with fragile X syndrome (FXS). For example, we have found that maternal responsivity predicts child language growth in young children with FXS and accounts for a substantial amount of variance in certain important measures. This relationship is remarkably strong even after controlling for children's developmental level. This and related findings presented in the Progress Report Section below have important implications both for understanding the environmental forces that shaped the long-term outcomes of children with FXS and also because there is substantial evidence that maternal responsivity can be modified via intervention. This project focuses on the relationship between maternal responsivity/parenting style and the language, cognitive, social, and emotional development of children with FXS as the children move from early to middle childhood. The three overarching goals of this project are: 1) to determine whether and in what ways maternal responsivity contributes to the language, cognitive, social, and emotional development of children with FXS; 2) to determine what child factors influence maternal responsivity during this period; and 3) to determine how parenting style, especially responsivity, changes as children with FXS move from early to middle childhood and, if there are style changes, how does the mother's perception of these changes relate to changes in the child's behavior and development. The proposed research grows directly from the findings of our currently funded longitudinal research with the same cohort of children and families during their early childhood and in this respect represents the logical continuation of this work. To achieve the three goals of this project, nine specific aims will be pursued in the course of continuing our longitudinal research from early childhood to middle childhood with 55 families of a child with FXS. We have already completed the collection and analysis of data from two occasions with this sample and are nearing completion of the third data collection with our present funding. We propose to collect data on two additional occasions during the middle childhood period with these children and their mothers. Our goals and aims grow directly from the analyses we have completed to date.

A.具体目标 有大量的证据表明，累积暴露于稳定的，高度响应的证据 在整个幼儿期间，育儿风格与各种儿童福利有关 语言，认知，情感和社会发展（Landry，Smith，Miller-Loncar和Swank，1998年； Landry， Smith，Swank，Assel＆Vellet，2001年； Tamis-Lemonda，Bornstein和Baumwell，2001年）。最近 在儿童社会，情感上的成长方面，响应能力的因果关系的实验证据 据报道，沟通和认知能力（Landry，Smith，Swank，Assel和Gunnewig， 2006）。相反，也有大量证据表明，长期暴露于苛刻和/或无反应症 指示育儿样式与相同发展域中的亚最佳结果相关联 （Hart＆Risley，1995; Bates，Pettit，Dodge和Ridge，1998）。育儿样式本身可能会受到数字的影响 变量包括父母情绪状态（例如抑郁，压力），信念和价值观，孕产妇 教育水平以及儿童气质和发育水平等变量（Bornstein， 1995; Shapiro，Blacher＆Lopez，1998）。 我们认为母亲的反应性是对最佳育儿的核心构造 幼儿时代甚至超越。我们认为，基于理论和大量 先前的研究表明，孕产妇反应性的影响是累积性的，并且在多年内发挥了作用。 孕产妇的反应性是一个广泛的结构，也是父母整体育儿风格的一部分。它可以在 多种方式和同样可以影响许多维度的发展。此外， 产妇的反应性不一定是固定或稳定的父母属性，而是可能会有所不同的属性 随着时间的流逝，以各种原因和实质性的方式变化（Landry等，2001）。 我们的研究表明，孕产妇的反应性也可能在年轻人的发展中起着重要作用 患有脆弱X综合征（FXS）的儿童。例如，我们发现孕产妇的反应性预测了孩子 有FXS的幼儿的语言增长，并占某些差异的大量差异 重要措施。即使控制了儿童的发育，这种关系也非常牢固 等级。以下“进度报告”部分中提出的此和相关的发现具有重要的含义 既是为了理解塑造FXS儿童长期结局的环境力量和 同样有大量证据表明可以通过干预来改变产妇的反应性。 该项目着重于产妇的反应性/育儿风格与语言之间的关系， 随着儿童从早期到中间，儿童的认知，社会和情感发展 童年。该项目的三个总体目标是：1）确定孕产妇是否以及以什么方式 反应性有助于FXS儿童的语言，认知，社会和情感发展； 2） 确定哪些儿童因素在此期间会影响母亲的反应性； 3）确定如何 育儿风格，尤其是反应性，随着FXS儿童从童年早期移动到中期随着儿童的转变 而且，如果有风格变化，母亲对这些变化的看法与变化有何关系 孩子的行为和发展。拟议的研究直接从我们目前的发现中增长 在童年时期和中间与同样的儿童和家庭群体资助了纵向研究 这方面代表了这项工作的逻辑延续。为了实现该项目的三个目标，九个 从幼儿到继续我们的纵向研究的过程中，将追求具体目标 童年时期有55个患有FXS的家庭。我们已经完成了集合和分析 该样本两次的数据 目前的资金。我们建议在中期的童年期间两次收集数据 与这些孩子及其母亲在一起。我们的目标和目标直接从我们完成的分析中增长 迄今为止。