Social Networks and HIV-infected Former Prison Inmates

社交网络和感染艾滋病毒的前监狱囚犯

• 批准号: 7689761
• 负责人: CAROL E GOLIN
• 金额: $ 18.5万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-19 至 2012-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7689761
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Attitude; Behavior; Biological Markers; Caring; Case Management; Characteristics; Clothing; Communities; Crack Cocaine; Data; Drug usage; Epidemic; Face; Family; Food; Freedom; Funding; Generations; Genetic; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Goals; HIV; Health; Health Services Accessibility; Illicit Drugs; Imprisonment; Improve Access; Individual; Intervention; Joint Dislocation; Left; Maps; Medical; Minority; Molecular Epidemiology; Network-based; North Carolina; Nose; Organism; Outcome; Patient Self-Report; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pilot Projects; Play; Population; Positioning Attribute; Prevalence; Prisoner; Prisons; Public Health; Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials; Recruitment Activity; Resistance; Respondent; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk-Taking; Role; Sampling; Series; Sexual Partners; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Shelter facility; Social Network; Source; Staphylococcus aureus; Structure; Substance abuse problem; System; Time; Validity of Self Report; abstracting; bacterial genetics; base; condoms; improved; intravenous drug use; meetings; member; methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus; novel; pathogen; programs; self reported behavior; social; stem; tool; transmission process; treatment program

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Project Summary/Abstract Release from prison is a time of serious dislocation and significant challenges to the well being of the HIV-infected former inmate as well as to their social networks and the communities to which they return. Not only must the pressing exigent questions of food, clothing and shelter be addressed, s/he must also re- integrate into family and social networks. These challenges are particularly acute for the HIV-infected former inmate who, in addition to meeting the needs described above, must also establish a relationship with a regular source of medical care and find a way to pay for expensive medications. Despite the public health implications of the drug and sexual risk taking of these individuals, there have been few comprehensive assessments of the risk behaviors of HIV-infected releasees. Our preliminary data indicate that HIV-infected former inmates frequently have multiple sexual partners and low rates of condom usage. A large number of studies have established a central role for social networks in defining HIV risk behaviors. Social network-based studies of HIV-infected individuals have relied largely on respondent- driven sampling/recruiting (RDS). RDS strategies have been helpful in mapping connections; however, strategies that rely on self-report to characterize behavior that is stigmatized and illegal face significant limitations. These approaches are particularly problematic in characterizing networks in which partnerships may be anonymous. Given the critical role that interactions between network members play in influencing the spread of the HIV epidemic and the concerns regarding the validity of self-reported behavior, novel and robust approaches are required to provide a more complete understanding of these social structures. In this R21 application, we propose to conduct a preliminary assessment of the utility of a biomarker for social network involvement by HIV-infected former inmates; specifically, we will characterize the molecular epidemiology of nasal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus (SA). Our goal is to determine whether nasal carriage with SA can be used both to verify an epidemiologic connection as well as to identify connections among people that were previously unknown. In this series of pilot studies, we will: 1) Characterize SA nasal colonization among 250 HIV-infected inmates incarcerated in the North Carolina Department of Corrections (NCDOC). 2) Characterize the relationship between SA genotypes and social network characteristics among HIV- infected former inmates who are colonized with SA. Project Narrative Despite the public health implications of the drug and sexual risk taking of prison releasees, there have been few comprehensive assessments of the risk behaviors of HIV-infected releasees. Strategies that rely on self-report to characterize behavior that is stigmatized and illegal face significant limitations; therefore, we propose to conduct a preliminary assessment of the utility of a biomarker for social network involvement by HIV-infected former inmates.

描述（由申请人提供）：从监狱中释放的项目摘要/摘要释放是一个严重错位和对艾滋病毒感染的前囚犯及其社交网络及其返回社区的福祉的重大挑战的时期。不仅必须解决迫切的食物，衣服和庇护所问题，还必须重新整合到家庭和社交网络中。这些挑战对于感染了艾滋病毒的前囚犯特别严重，除了满足上述需求外，还必须与常规的医疗保健来源建立关系，并找到一种支付昂贵药物的方式。尽管这些人的药物和性风险对公共卫生的影响，但对感染HIV感染释放的风险行为的全面评估很少。我们的初步数据表明，艾滋病毒感染的前囚犯经常有多个性伴侣和避孕套使用率较低。大量研究已经确立了社交网络在定义艾滋病毒风险行为方面的核心作用。基于社交网络的艾滋病毒感染者的研究主要依赖于受访者驱动的抽样/招聘（RDS）。 RDS策略有助于映射连接；但是，依靠自我报告来表征被污名化和非法的行为的策略面临重大局限性。这些方法在表征网络的表征可能是匿名的网络时尤其有问题。鉴于网络成员之间的相互作用在影响艾滋病毒流行的传播以及对自我报告行为的有效性的关注时，需要采取新颖和鲁棒的方法来提供对这些社会结构的更全面了解。在此R21应用程序中，我们建议对HIV感染的前囚犯进行生物标志物在社交网络参与中的效用进行初步评估；具体而言，我们将用金​​黄色葡萄球菌（SA）来表征鼻定植的分子流行病学。我们的目标是确定是否可以使用SA的鼻腔运输来验证流行病学连接，也可以识别以前未知的人之间的联系。在这一系列的试点研究中，我们将：1）在北卡罗来纳州惩教局（NCDOC）被监禁的250名HIV感染的囚犯中表征SA鼻腔定殖。 2）表征了SA基因型与社交网络特征之间的关系，与SA殖民的艾滋病毒感染的前囚犯之间的关系。项目叙述尽管对释放监狱的毒品和性风险造成了公共卫生的影响，但对艾滋病毒感染释放的风险行为的全面评估很少。依靠自我报告来表征被污名化和非法的行为的策略面临重大局限性；因此，我们建议对艾滋病毒感染的前囚犯的生物标志物在社交网络参与中的效用进行初步评估。