DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH DENSITY DRUG SCREENING OF NEURAL GPCR's USING STEP ARRAYS

使用阶梯阵列开发神经 GPCR 的高密度药物筛选

• 批准号: 7617006
• 负责人: MARIA INES MORANO
• 金额: $ 24.56万
• 依托单位: ORIGINUS, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-04-23 至 2011-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7617006
• 关键词: Address; Anxiety; Automation; Biological Assay; Brain; Brain Diseases; Cannabinoids; Cell Line; Cells; Complex; Coupling; Data; Decision Making; Desire for food; Detection; Development; Disease; Drug Approval; Family; Feeding behaviors; Frequencies; Functional disorder; G Protein-Coupled Receptor Genes; G-Protein-Coupled Receptors; GTP-Binding Proteins; Genetic Variation; Genomics; Goals; Hela Cells; Human; Image; In Vitro; Individual; Licensing; Medicine; Mental disorders; Methods; Michigan; Molecular; Monitor; Neuroglia; Neurons; Neurosciences; Optics; Pathway interactions; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacologic Substance; Phase; Physiological; Population; Preclinical Drug Evaluation; Process; Production; Property; Proteins; Proteomics; Protocols documentation; Psyche structure; RNA Interference; Regulation; Reporter; Reporter Genes; Reproducibility; Response Elements; Schizophrenia; Screening procedure; Signal Pathway; Small Business Innovation Research Grant; Solid; Speed; Spottings; Staging; Surface; System; Systems Biology; Technology; Testing; Time; Transactivation; Transcriptional Activation; Transcriptional Regulation; Transfection; Universities; Work; base; density; depression; drug candidate; drug discovery; economic cost; feeding; high throughput screening; hypocretin; in vivo; internal control; loss of function; neural circuit; novel; prototype; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; release of sequestered calcium ion into cytoplasm; research and development; response; small molecule; synergism; trafficking

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Recent advances in genomics and proteomics have produced rapid changes in drug discovery, increasing the speed of the High Throughput Screening (HTS) methods by using simple assays on isolated protein targets but sacrificing depth of information and making decisions difficult as to which compounds to pursue in the pipeline. Thus, the need for smarter screening platforms is being recognized, especially platforms that emphasize Cellular Systems Biology. More sophisticated screening strategies are particularly important for discovering new molecules that target G-protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). A growing number of studies in vitro and in vivo have shown interactions between GPCRs that modify their pharmacological profile and trafficking, or even switch their coupling to different intracellular signaling pathways. Moreover, in the field of Neuroscience it is highly relevant to consider the cellular background of the cells (i.e. neuronal type) because of unique drug responses that occur in neurons and glia. Originus Inc. can contribute to the development of more sophisticated screening platforms for brain GPCRs that address all of the above considerations, by using a proprietary solid phase cell transfection technology termed Surface Transfection and Expression Protocol (STEP) exclusively licensed from the University of Michigan. The proposed new High-Density STEP platform will increase the efficiency and economy of the screens while enhancing the depth of information by comparing the effects of small molecules on multiple brain GPCRs simultaneously and in a neuronal background. Moreover, this new platform can be developed to monitor the activation of several signaling pathways for each individual or multiplexed brain GPCRs at the same time. Most GPCRs expressed in brain have potential significance in healthy mental function and in pharmaceutical treatment of mental dysfunction, including schizophrenia, anxiety, depression and feeding- related disorders. We will focus during Phase I of this proposal on some of the neurally relevant targets, including the melanocortin system, the orexin system, the cannabinoid system, and the dopaminergic system. The High-Density STEP platforms will be optimized for a 96-well microplate format but containing 36 individual transfection spots per well, resulting in 3,456 individual data-points per plate. Each transfection spot will express individual or "physiological relevant" combinations of brain GPCRs. The first prototype will use calcium flux readout, while the second prototype will allow the simultaneous screening of four different reporter gene assays. We plan to study the activation responses of the different GPCRs in two different cellular backgrounds and compare the compound's pharmacological profiles in cell lines commonly used in HTS and neuronal cell lines. During Phase II we plan to test more GPCR's combinations based on their co-expression in neural circuits, to characterize allelic variants found in high frequency in populations, to analyze specific intracellular pathways by RNAi loss-of-function, and to move to subcellular imaging via High Content Analysis. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE Although new medicines today in the research and development pipeline offer hope of reducing the human and economic costs of mental disorders, approvals of drugs with novel mechanisms of action for brain dysfunction have been recently very limited. The ultimate goal of this project is the development of "smart" drug discovery platforms that allow a better understanding of the complex interrelationships of molecular pathways, cellular activities and ultimately in vivo neuronal function to enable therapies rationally aimed at complex mental diseases.

描述（由申请人提供）：通过对孤立蛋白质靶标的简单测定使用简单的测定，但牺牲了很难做出哪些化合物在管道中提取的方法，从而提高了药物发现的最新进展，从而提高了药物发现的快速变化，从而提高了高吞吐量筛选（HTS）方法的速度。因此，人们认识到对更智能筛选平台的需求，尤其是强调细胞系统生物学的平台。更复杂的筛选策略对于发现靶向G蛋白偶联受体（GPCR）的新分子尤为重要。越来越多的体外研究和体内研究表明，GPCR会改变其药理特征和运输，甚至将其耦合转换为不同细胞内信号通路。此外，在神经科学领域，考虑细胞的细胞背景（即神经元类型）高度相关，因为神经元和神经胶质中发生的独特药物反应。 Originus Inc.可以通过使用专有的固体相细胞转染技术称为表面转染和表达方案（步骤）专门从密歇根大学获得许可，从而为脑GPCR的更复杂的筛选平台开发，这些筛选平台可解决上述所有注意事项。提出的新的高密度步骤平台将通过比较小分子对多个脑GPCR的影响以及在神经元背景中的多个脑GPCR的影响来提高屏幕的效率和经济性。此外，可以开发此新平台以同时监视每个单独或多重脑GPCR的几个信号通路的激活。在大脑中表达的大多数GPCR在健康的心理功能和精神功能障碍的药物治疗方面具有潜在的重要性，包括精神分裂症，焦虑，抑郁症和相关疾病。我们将在本提案的第一阶段将重点放在一些神经相关的靶标上，包括黑色素皮素系统，奥甲蛋白系统，大麻素系统和多巴胺能系统。高密度步骤平台将针对96孔微板格式进行优化，但每个孔中包含36个单独的转染点，每盘带有3,456个单独的数据点。每个转染点将表达脑GPCR的个体或“生理相关”组合。第一个原型将使用钙通量读数，而第二个原型将允许同时筛选四个不同的记者基因测定。我们计划研究在两个不同的细胞背景下不同GPCR的激活反应，并比较在HTS和神经元细胞系中常用的细胞系中化合物的药理特征。在第二阶段，我们计划基于神经回路中的共表达来测试更多的GPCR组合，以表征人群中高频中发现的等位基因变体，以通过RNAi的功能丧失来分析特定的细胞内途径，并通过高含量分析转化为亚细胞成像。公共卫生相关性尽管今天的研发管道中的新药物为减少精神疾病的人类和经济成本提供了希望，但最近对具有新颖的脑功能障碍作用机制的药物的批准已非常有限。该项目的最终目标是开发“智能”药物发现平台，可以更好地理解分子途径，细胞活性和最终在体内神经元功能的复杂相互关系，以使疗法合理地针对复杂的精神疾病。