DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH DENSITY DRUG SCREENING OF NEURAL GPCR's USING STEP ARRAYS

使用阶梯阵列开发神经 GPCR 的高密度药物筛选

• 批准号: 7482078
• 负责人: MARIA INES MORANO
• 金额: $ 24.72万
• 依托单位: ORIGINUS, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-04-23 至 2010-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7482078
• 关键词: Address; Anxiety; Automation; Biological Assay; Brain; Brain Diseases; Cannabinoids; Cell Line; Cells; Complex; Coupling; Data; Decision Making; Depth; Desire for food; Detection; Development; Disease; Drug Approval; Economics; Family; Feeding behaviors; Frequencies; Functional disorder; G Protein-Coupled Receptor Genes; G-Protein-Coupled Receptors; GTP-Binding Proteins; Genetic Variation; Genomics; Goals; Hela Cells; Human; Image; In Vitro; Individual; Licensing; Medicine; Mental Depression; Mental disorders; Methods; Michigan; Molecular; Monitor; Neuroglia; Neurons; Neurosciences; Numbers; Optics; Pathway interactions; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacologic Substance; Phase; Physiological; Population; Preclinical Drug Evaluation; Process; Production; Property; Proteins; Proteomics; Protocols documentation; Psyche structure; Public Health; RNA Interference; Regulation; Reporter; Reporter Genes; Reproducibility; Response Elements; Schizophrenia; Screening procedure; Signal Pathway; Small Business Funding Mechanisms; Small Business Innovation Research Grant; Solid; Speed; Spottings; Staging; Surface; System; Systems Biology; Technology; Testing; Time; Today; Transactivation; Transcriptional Activation; Transcriptional Regulation; Transfection; Universities; Work; base; cost; density; drug discovery; feeding; high throughput screening; hypocretin; in vivo; internal control; loss of function; neural circuit; novel; prototype; relating to nervous system; release of sequestered calcium ion into cytoplasm; research and development; response; small molecule; synergism; trafficking

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Recent advances in genomics and proteomics have produced rapid changes in drug discovery, increasing the speed of the High Throughput Screening (HTS) methods by using simple assays on isolated protein targets but sacrificing depth of information and making decisions difficult as to which compounds to pursue in the pipeline. Thus, the need for smarter screening platforms is being recognized, especially platforms that emphasize Cellular Systems Biology. More sophisticated screening strategies are particularly important for discovering new molecules that target G-protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). A growing number of studies in vitro and in vivo have shown interactions between GPCRs that modify their pharmacological profile and trafficking, or even switch their coupling to different intracellular signaling pathways. Moreover, in the field of Neuroscience it is highly relevant to consider the cellular background of the cells (i.e. neuronal type) because of unique drug responses that occur in neurons and glia. Originus Inc. can contribute to the development of more sophisticated screening platforms for brain GPCRs that address all of the above considerations, by using a proprietary solid phase cell transfection technology termed Surface Transfection and Expression Protocol (STEP) exclusively licensed from the University of Michigan. The proposed new High-Density STEP platform will increase the efficiency and economy of the screens while enhancing the depth of information by comparing the effects of small molecules on multiple brain GPCRs simultaneously and in a neuronal background. Moreover, this new platform can be developed to monitor the activation of several signaling pathways for each individual or multiplexed brain GPCRs at the same time. Most GPCRs expressed in brain have potential significance in healthy mental function and in pharmaceutical treatment of mental dysfunction, including schizophrenia, anxiety, depression and feeding- related disorders. We will focus during Phase I of this proposal on some of the neurally relevant targets, including the melanocortin system, the orexin system, the cannabinoid system, and the dopaminergic system. The High-Density STEP platforms will be optimized for a 96-well microplate format but containing 36 individual transfection spots per well, resulting in 3,456 individual data-points per plate. Each transfection spot will express individual or "physiological relevant" combinations of brain GPCRs. The first prototype will use calcium flux readout, while the second prototype will allow the simultaneous screening of four different reporter gene assays. We plan to study the activation responses of the different GPCRs in two different cellular backgrounds and compare the compound's pharmacological profiles in cell lines commonly used in HTS and neuronal cell lines. During Phase II we plan to test more GPCR's combinations based on their co-expression in neural circuits, to characterize allelic variants found in high frequency in populations, to analyze specific intracellular pathways by RNAi loss-of-function, and to move to subcellular imaging via High Content Analysis. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE Although new medicines today in the research and development pipeline offer hope of reducing the human and economic costs of mental disorders, approvals of drugs with novel mechanisms of action for brain dysfunction have been recently very limited. The ultimate goal of this project is the development of "smart" drug discovery platforms that allow a better understanding of the complex interrelationships of molecular pathways, cellular activities and ultimately in vivo neuronal function to enable therapies rationally aimed at complex mental diseases.

描述（由申请人提供）：基因组学和蛋白质组学的最新进展使药物发现发生了快速变化，通过对分离的蛋白质靶标使用简单的分析提高了高通量筛选（HTS）方法的速度，但牺牲了信息的深度并使决策变得困难关于在管道中追求哪些化合物。因此，人们正在认识到对更智能筛选平台的需求，尤其是强调细胞系统生物学的平台。更复杂的筛选策略对于发现靶向 G 蛋白偶联受体 (GPCR) 的新分子尤为重要。越来越多的体外和体内研究表明，GPCR 之间存在相互作用，这些相互作用改变了它们的药理学特征和运输，甚至将它们的偶联转变为不同的细胞内信号传导途径。此外，在神经科学领域，由于神经元和神经胶质细胞中发生独特的药物反应，因此考虑细胞的细胞背景（即神经元类型）非常相关。 Originus Inc.可以通过使用由密歇根大学独家许可的称为表面转染和表达方案（STEP）的专有固相细胞转染技术，为开发更复杂的脑GPCR筛选平台做出贡献，解决上述所有问题。拟议的新高密度STEP平台将提高屏幕的效率和经济性，同时通过在神经元背景下同时比较小分子对多个大脑GPCR的影响来增强信息深度。此外，可以开发这个新平台来同时监测每个单独或多重大脑 GPCR 的多个信号通路的激活。大多数在大脑中表达的 GPCR 对健康心理功能和精神功能障碍（包括精神分裂症、焦虑症、抑郁症和喂养相关疾病）的药物治疗具有潜在意义。在该提案的第一阶段，我们将重点关注一些神经相关目标，包括黑皮质素系统、食欲素系统、大麻素系统和多巴胺能系统。高密度 STEP 平台将针对 96 孔微孔板格式进行优化，但每孔包含 36 个单独的转染点，从而每板包含 3,456 个单独的数据点。每个转染点将表达脑 GPCR 的个体或“生理相关”组合。第一个原型将使用钙通量读数，而第二个原型将允许同时筛选四种不同的报告基因检测。我们计划研究不同 GPCR 在两种不同细胞背景中的激活反应，并比较该化合物在 HTS 和神经细胞系常用细胞系中的药理学特征。在第二阶段，我们计划根据其在神经回路中的共表达来测试更多 GPCR 组合，以表征人群中高频发现的等位基因变异，通过 RNAi 功能丧失来分析特定的细胞内通路，并转向亚细胞成像通过高内涵分析。公共卫生相关性 尽管目前正在研发的新药为降低精神障碍造成的人力和经济成本带来了希望，但具有新作用机制的脑功能障碍药物的批准最近非常有限。该项目的最终目标是开发“智能”药物发现平台，使人们能够更好地理解分子途径、细胞活动以及最终体内神经元功能之间复杂的相互关系，从而能够合理地针对复杂的精神疾病进行治疗。