Imaging Human Brain Function with Minimal Mobility Restrictions: SUPPLEMENT: Administrative Supplement for Research on Bioethical Issues

以最小的移动限制对人脑功能进行成像：补充：生物伦理问题研究的行政补充

• 批准号: 9928254
• 负责人: MICHAEL GARWOOD
• 金额: $ 15.14万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-30 至 2020-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9928254
• 关键词: Address; Administrative Supplement; Animal Model; Architecture; Automobile Driving; BRAIN initiative; Barium; Behavior; Bioethical Issues; Brain; Brain imaging; Clinical; Cognition; Complex; Computer software; Copper; Diagnosis; Discipline; Disease; Environment; Freedom; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Grant; Head; Health; Helium; High temperature of physical object; Human; Human body; Image; Imaging Techniques; Imaging technology; Immobilization; Infrastructure; Injury; Institution; Liquid substance; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mental disorders; Methods; Monoclonal Antibody R24; Motion; Motor; Movement; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurons; Neurosciences; Neurosciences Research; Oxides; Parkinsonian Disorders; Patients; Persons; Pilot Projects; Planet Earth; Population; Positioning Attribute; Posture; Research; Research Personnel; Resolution; Shoulder; Signal Transduction; Site; Stroke; Structure; Study Subject; Supination; System; Technology; Testing; Time; Traumatic Brain Injury; Tube; Variant; Weight; base; design; developmental disease; digital; feeding; high resolution imaging; human imaging; image reconstruction; imaging approach; imaging modality; imaging system; interest; irradiation; light weight; magnetic field; motor deficit; multidisciplinary; portability; prototype; radio frequency; reconstruction; relating to nervous system; spatiotemporal; tool

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), by offering the sole means of imaging human brain structure and activity with high spatial resolution, has evolved into an indispensable tool for studying brain function in health and disease. It is uniquely suited to examining the neural basis of higher order behaviors and cognition, as well as neurodegenerative and developmental disorders, for which animal models are of limited applicability. Yet, because of current experimental limitations, there is wide range of subjects and human behaviors that are completely inaccessible by MRI techniques. MRI currently depends on large, expensive, and fixed scanners in which subjects must remain motionless for long periods of time within a confined horizontal space. Thus any behavior involving motion, and especially those involving the upright real-time interaction with objects in natural environments, cannot be studied. Such studies are of enormous scientific interest, for example, in understanding the neuronal basis of motor planning, but also of considerable practical and clinical importance in order to eventually understand and address the motor deficits associated with injury, stroke, or disease which preclude everyday behaviors as important as feeding and reaching. Of particular relevance in this regard is the large population of people with limited ambulatory or vestibular function or difficulty in maintaining posture or smooth movements for which the requirements of remaining motionless in a horizontal space preclude MRI. There is thus an urgent need for a brain imaging technology that is more portable and less restricting than current MRI scanners. One way to address these issues is to decrease the size of the MRI magnet to make a head-only system which does not confine the body, but this approach leads to drastically reduced static field (B0) homogeneity which, with current technologies, precludes high resolution imaging. Now, with the support from BRAIN Initiative grant R24 MH105998, we have addressed the problem by developing new hardware, as well as new acquisition and reconstruction methods, capable of producing high quality brain images despite extreme B0 inhomogeneity. The goal of this U01 project is to build upon these efforts by designing, building, and validating the first-ever human MRI scanner requiring only the head to be inside the magnet bore and having a large window for viewing outside the magnet bore. The small size, weight, and power requirements of this 1.5 Tesla MRI system will enable it to be transported and sited almost anywhere in the world and will be able to bring the magnet to the subject rather than the other way around. To achieve this, a team of leading experts from multiple disciplines and institutions has been assembled. The hardware and software components of this revolutionary MRI system will be constructed and debugged in the first 2 years of the project, the system will be assembled and tested in years 3- 4, and finally in year 5, the MRI system will be piloted in a first of its kind study of motor coordination and planning during natural reaching behaviors.

磁共振成像 (MRI)，提供人类大脑成像的唯一方法 具有高空间分辨率的结构和活动，已发展成为不可或缺的工具 研究健康和疾病中的大脑功能。它特别适合检查神经基础 高阶行为和认知，以及神经退行性和发育 动物模型的适用性有限。然而，由于目前 由于实验的局限性，存在广泛的受试者和人类行为 MRI 技术完全无法访问。 MRI 目前依赖于大型、昂贵且 固定扫描仪，其中受试者必须在一定范围内长时间保持不动 有限的水平空间。因此，任何涉及运动的行为，尤其是涉及运动的行为 与自然环境中物体的直立实时交互，无法研究。这样的 研究具有巨大的科学意义，例如，在了解神经元基础方面 运动规划，但也具有相当大的实际和临床重要性，以便最终 了解并解决与受伤、中风或疾病相关的运动缺陷 妨碍像喂食和伸手一样重要的日常行为。特别相关的是 这方面是指大量步行或前庭功能有限的人，或者 难以保持姿势或平稳运动，为此需要保持 在水平空间中静止不动会妨碍 MRI。因此迫切需要脑成像技术 与当前的 MRI 扫描仪相比，该技术更便携且限制更少。一种方法是 解决这些问题的方法是减小 MRI 磁体的尺寸以制作仅头部系统 这不会限制身体，但这种方法会大大减少静电场 (B0) 使用当前技术，均匀性阻碍了高分辨率成像。现在，随着 来自 BRAIN Initiative 拨款 R24 MH105998 的支持，我们通过以下方式解决了这个问题 开发新的硬件以及新的采集和重建方法，能够 尽管 B0 极端不均匀，但仍能生成高质量的大脑图像。本次U01的目标 该项目旨在通过设计、建造和验证有史以来第一个人类 MRI 扫描仪仅需要头部位于磁体孔内并具有大窗口 用于在磁体孔外部观察。此 1.5 的小尺寸、重量和功率要求 Tesla MRI 系统将使其能够在世界上几乎任何地方运输和安置 将能够将磁铁带到物体上，而不是相反。为了实现这一目标， 组建了一支由多学科、多机构的顶尖专家组成的团队。这 这一革命性 MRI 系统的硬件和软件组件将被构建和 该系统将在项目的前 2 年进行调试，第 3 年进行组装和测试 4，最后在第 5 年，MRI 系统将在第一个运动研究中进行试点 自然伸手行为期间的协调和规划。