Eye Movements, Gaze Correction, and Visual Short-Term Memory

眼球运动、凝视校正和视觉短期记忆

• 批准号: 7677923
• 负责人: Andrew R Hollingworth
• 金额: $ 24.76万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-30 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7677923
• 关键词: Automobile Driving; Cade; Cognitive; Complex; Ensure; Environment; Eye; Eye Movements; Food; Goals; Human; Laboratories; Life; Location; Memory; Nature; Play; Positioning Attribute; Property; Relative (related person); Research; Role; Saccades; Sensory; Series; Short-Term Memory; Simulate; Stimulus; Support System; Surface Properties; Testing; Time; Unconscious State; Vision; Visual; Visual system structure; Work; base; gaze; interest; research study; sample fixation

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): People make tens of thousands of saccadic eye movements each day, and a substantial proportion of these fail to land on the intended object. To be efficient, the visual system must rapidly correct these errors and make a corrective saccade to the intended object. Previous research has shown that gaze correction is fast and automatic under simple laboratory conditions, in which only a single object is present. In the natural world, however, there are many possible gaze targets, and determining which object was the original saccade target will often require the use of a memory representation of the target object. However, no previous studies have attempted to demonstrate that memory is used to correct saccade errors. In the proposed research, we plan to show that memory for the saccade target is indeed used to correct saccade errors, and that these corrections are fast, accurate, automatic, and perhaps even unconscious. Our central hypothesis is that visual short-term memory (VSTM) stores target information across the saccade so that the target object can be discriminated from other visible objects and gaze can by efficiently corrected. To test this idea, we developed a new paradigm to simulate saccade error, in which a stimulus array is shifted slightly during a saccade so that the eyes land between the target object and a distractor object. Our preliminary results suggest that memory-based gaze correction under these conditions is accurate, fast, and automatic. The proposed work will explore the nature of the memory representations used for these gaze corrections, including (a) testing whether the memory representations are stored in VSTM, (b) examining what information is stored in these representations, (c) exploring how these representations are combined bottom-up sensory information, and (d) determining whether the representations include information about other nearby objects. These studies will advance our understanding of basic mechanisms of gaze correction that support efficient interaction with objects and agents in the world. Most complex visual tasks (preparing food, driving) depend on fixating a series of objects, and gaze correction plays an important role in ensuring that the eyes are directed efficiently to goal-relevant objects. Thus, the proposed research will provide essential information for understanding conditions that involve deficits in the control of gaze.

描述（由申请人提供）：人们每天都会进行成千上万的眼球运动，其中很大一部分未能降落在预期的物体上。为了提高效率，视觉系统必须快速纠正这些错误，并对预期的对象进行纠正扫视。先前的研究表明，在简单的实验室条件下，凝视校正是快速且自动的，其中仅存在一个对象。但是，在自然世界中，有许多可能的凝视目标，确定哪个对象是原始的扫视目标通常需要使用目标对象的内存表示。但是，以前没有研究试图证明记忆用于纠正扫视错误。在拟议的研究中，我们计划表明，扫视目标的记忆确实用于纠正扫视错误，并且这些更正是快速，准确，自动的，甚至可能是无意识的。我们的中心假设是，视觉短期内存（VSTM）将目标信息存储在整个扫视中，以便可以通过有效校正其他可见对象区分目标对象，并且凝视可以通过有效校正。为了测试这个想法，我们开发了一个新的范式来模拟扫视错误，其中刺激阵列在扫视过程中略微移动，以便眼睛降落在目标对象和干扰物对象之间。我们的初步结果表明，在这些条件下基于内存的凝视校正是准确，快速和自动的。拟议的工作将探索用于这些目光校正的内存表示的性质，包括（a）测试存储器表示是否存储在VSTM中，（b）检查这些表示中存储的信息是否存储在这些表示中，（c）探索如何将这些表示形式组合在一起，以及（d）确定是否包含其他附近对象的信息。这些研究将促进我们对凝视校正基本机制的理解，以支持与世界上对象和药物有效相互作用。大多数复杂的视觉任务（准备食物，驾驶）取决于固定一系列对象，并且凝视校正在确保眼睛有效地指向与目标相关的物体方面起着重要作用。因此，拟议的研究将为理解涉及凝视控制缺陷的条件提供基本信息。