Fundamental subcortical mechanisms of affective processing

情感处理的基本皮层下机制

• 批准号: 9751070
• 负责人: Lisa Feldman Barrett
• 金额: $ 69.96万
• 依托单位: NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-04-22 至 2021-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9751070
• 关键词: Affect; Affective; American Cancer Society; Amygdaloid structure; Analgesics; Anatomy; Animal Cancer Model; Animal Experimentation; Animal Model; Animals; Anterior; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Biological Markers; Biology; Blood; Brain; Brain Stem; Brain imaging; Brain region; Cancer Control; Cancer Etiology; Cancer Patient; Cancer Survivor; Cause of Death; Decision Making; Desire for food; Diagnosis; Early Diagnosis; Elements; Emotions; Environment; Exercise; Family; Feeling; Foundations; Functional Imaging; Future; Galvanic Skin Response; Goals; Health; Human; Hypothalamic structure; Image; Imaging Techniques; Incidence; Informal Social Control; Investments; Link; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Malignant Neoplasms; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Methodology; Modeling; Neurosciences; Nucleus solitarius; Output; Pain; Perception; Peripheral; Peripheral Nervous System; Physiological; Placebo Effect; Placebos; Play; Prevention; Process; Public Health; Publishing; Quality of life; Recovery; Regulation; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Resolution; Rest; Role; Scanning; Science; Scientific Inquiry; Services; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Specificity; Speed; Stress; Structure; Symptoms; Techniques; Translations; Work; anticancer research; behavior influence; behavioral response; cancer prevention; cancer survival; cingulate cortex; craving; design; diffusion weighted; emotional experience; executive function; experience; experimental study; health goals; heart rate variability; imaging approach; imaging modality; improved; magnetic field; midbrain central gray substance; mortality; neural circuit; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; novel; outcome forecast; personalized care; prevent; psychologic; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; respiratory; response; screening; survivorship; theories; treatment adherence; ultra high resolution

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Between 50-66% of deaths caused by cancer could be prevented through behavioral modification. Accumulating evidence points towards a family of basic, affective psychological processes related to emotion, stress, and pain that influence behavioral choices, facilitating healthful choices or promoting unhealthful choices, and that have the capacity to influence key aspects of successful survivorship. While the links between affect and cancer-related decision making are becoming well-known, the research remains largely descriptive. A mechanistic understanding of these links is hampered by a major barrier: the neural circuitry underlying affective processing is still largely underspecified. A further barrierto progress is that subdomains of affective science including stress, emotion, and pain, have largely been studied independently of one another even though they overlap tremendously as psychological constructs. The historical divides that pose a critical barrier to using affective processes to improve cancer-related decision-making are exacerbated by a tendency for researchers to focus either on peripheral and central biomarkers of affect, but not to study them simultaneously. Our goal is to unify subdomains of affective processes into a common neural framework centered on subcortical brainstem regions that are known to be critically involved in affective processes, with a particular emphasis on the periaqueductal gray (PAG) which non-human animal research shows is a critical hub controlling autonomic output, analgesic responses, and other physiological responses during emotion, pain, and stress. Affective research in humans relies primarily on non-invasive neuroimaging techniques, but the spatial resolution of these techniques in prior work has been too small to examine the brainstem and particularly the PAG and its connectivity with any degree of specificity. We have developed an ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging procedure at 7 Tesla that overcomes this problem. In Specific Aim 1, we will map the structural and functional connectivity of the brainstem, with a focus on the PAG, within subcortical and cortical networks using anatomical, diffusion weighted, and resting state (task-independent) functional connectivity within a 7T imaging environment. In Specific Aim 2, we will examine the functional organization of these brainstem networks across tasks that evoke stress, pain, and emotional experience to assess the construct validity of these three affective processes from a unified neuroscience perspective, and we further examine how these brainstem networks participate in executive function using a working memory task. Finally, in the Exploratory Aim, we will examine the extent to which peripheral physiological measurements (e.g., heart rate variability, skin conductance, respiratory rate) mediate the relation between brainstem network structure / activity and behavioral responses in each affective domain. Our main deliverable at the end of this R01 is a working neural theory of affective processes that can be used by cancer researchers to study the influence of affect on cancer-related decision making.

 描述（由申请人提供）：通过改变可以预防 50-66% 的癌症死亡。越来越多的证据表明，一系列与情绪、压力和疼痛相关的基本情感心理过程会影响行为选择，从而促进健康。尽管情感与癌症相关决策之间的联系已变得众所周知，但该研究仍然主要是描述性的。阻碍情感处理的一个主要障碍是：情感处理背后的神经回路在很大程度上仍然不明确。进步的另一个障碍是，情感科学的子领域，包括压力、情绪和疼痛，在很大程度上是相互独立的，尽管它们在心理学上有很大的重叠。研究人员倾向于关注情感的外围和中心生物标志物，但不同时研究它们，这加剧了利用情感过程改善癌症相关决策的历史分歧。到将情感过程的子域统一到一个以皮质下脑干区域为中心的共同神经框架中，这些区域已知与情感过程密切相关，特别强调导水管周围灰质（PAG），非人类动物研究表明它是控制自主神经的关键枢纽人类情感研究主要依赖于非侵入性神经成像技术，但在之前的工作中这些技术的空间分辨率太小。为了检查脑干，特别是 PAG 及其具有任何程度的特异性的连接性，我们开发了一种 7 特斯拉的超高场磁共振成像程序来克服这个问题，在特定目标 1 中，我们将绘制结构和功能连接图。在特定目标 2 中，我们使用解剖学、扩散加权和静息状态（任务无关）功能连接来研究脑干的脑干，重点关注 PAG。我们将检查这些脑干网络在引发压力、疼痛和情感体验的任务中的功能组织，以从统一的神经科学角度评估这三种情感过程的构造有效性，并且我们进一步研究这些脑干网络如何使用最后，在探索性目标中，我们将检查外周生理测量（例如心率变异性、皮肤电导、呼吸频率）在每个情感域中介导脑干网络结构/活动和行为反应之间的关系的程度。 。我们在 R01 结束时的主要成果是情感过程的有效神经理论，癌症研究人员可以使用它来研究情感对癌症相关决策的影响。