Evaluation of Masks as a Source Control NPI

口罩作为源头控制 NPI 的评估

• 批准号: 7686026
• 负责人: Donald Kirby Milton
• 金额: $ 18.5万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS LOWELL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-30 至 2009-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7686026
• 关键词: Evaluation; Masks; Source; Control; NPI; Evaluation; Masks; Source; Control; NPI

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We propose to fill a crucial gap in our knowledge of how influenza is transmitted by characterizing the virus aerosols generated from the respiratory tract of persons naturally infected with human influenza and concurrently determine the ability of readily available personal protective equipment (masks) to mitigate transmission of these infectious particles at the source of generation. Pandemic influenza in 1918, 1957, and 1968 produced widespread morbidity and mortality; in 1918 extensive infection resulted in disruption within communities and breakdown of essential services. Current strategies for limiting a pandemic include use of vaccines, antiviral medications, and because of the lag time for vaccine production, limited supply of antivirals, and explosive pandemic transmission, widespread application of social distancing is also anticipated. Designing effective social distancing interventions requires detailed knowledge of the mechanisms of influenza transmission. Epidemiologic and experimental evidence suggests that influenza is transmitted to a large degree via the airborne route. However, no definitive information is available on the size distribution or rate of infectious particle release by influenza patients, and no studies have examined how to control release or dissemination of influenza aerosols. This project addresses community mitigation and protective measures directed at the spread of influenza virus. The results of this study will have implications on simple and low tech interventions applicable in both the United States and countries in other stages of development. This project is organized around tests of the following hypotheses: (1) Exhaled breath of influenza patients contains airborne viral particles and the size and number of infectious particles is a function of respiratory maneuver (tidal breathing, talking, coughing). (2) Infectious particles have relatively large aerodynamic diameters as they exit the nose and mouth, and surgical masks worn by infected patients can capture a significant portion them. The information gathered by this project will provide a firm scientific basis for effective public health interventions that will be necessary during potential upcoming influenza pandemics to protect communities and prevent widespread economic and social disruption while limiting the spread of infection.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们建议通过表征来自自然感染人类流感的人的呼吸道产生的病毒气溶胶来填补对流感如何传播的关键差距，并同时确定易于使用的个人保护设备（Masks）的能力，以减轻这些感染物质的传播。 1918年，1957年和1968年的大流行性流感产生了广泛的发病率和死亡率。 1918年，广泛的感染导致社区中的中断和基本服务的细分。当前限制大流行的策略包括使用 疫苗，抗病毒药物以及由于疫苗生产的滞后时间，抗病毒药的供应有限和爆炸性大流行传播，因此也预计社会疏远的广泛应用。设计有效的社会距离干预需要详细了解流感传播机制。流行病学和实验证据表明，流感通过空中途径在很大程度上传播。但是，尚无关于流感患者的尺寸分布或传染性颗粒释放速率的明确信息，并且没有研究检查如何控制流感气溶胶的释放或传播。该项目解决了针对流感病毒传播的社区缓解和保护措施。这项研究的结果将对在美国和其他发展阶段适用的简单和低技术干预措施产生影响。该项目围绕以下假设的测试进行组织： （1）流感患者呼出的呼吸含有空气传播的病毒颗粒，传染性颗粒的大小和数量是呼吸道动作的函数（潮汐呼吸，说话，咳嗽）。 （2）传染性颗粒在退出鼻子和口腔时具有相对较大的空气动力学直径，而受感染患者戴的手术口罩可以捕获很大的部分。该项目收集的信息将为有效的公共卫生干预措施提供牢固的科学依据，这些干预措施在即将到来的流感流感大流行中必不可少，以保护社区并防止广泛的经济和社会破坏，同时限制感染的传播。