Adult consequences of youth substance use: Twin study enriched for SUD risk

青少年物质使用对成人的影响：双胞胎研究丰富了 SUD 风险

• 批准号: 9247771
• 负责人: William G. Iacono
• 金额: $ 64.75万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-01 至 2019-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9247771
• 关键词: Academic achievement; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent and Young Adult; Adult; Affect; Age; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Anxiety Disorders; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Behavioral; Birth Records; Brain; Characteristics; Childhood; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Communities; Comorbidity; Coupled; Data; Data Analytics; Databases; Deltastab; Dependence; Development; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Disease; Dizygotic Twins; Electrophysiology (science); Emotional; Endowment; Ensure; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Exposure to; Family; Family Study; Female; Frequencies; Gender; Gender Role; Genetic; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Risk; Heavy Drinking; Impairment; Individual; Intake; Label; Link; Literature; Longitudinal Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Major Depressive Disorder; Measurement; Measures; Mental Health; Methods; Minnesota; Neurocognitive; Neurologic; Neuropsychology; Occupational; Outcome; Outcome Assessment; Participant; Pattern; Persons; Population; Prevalence; Problem behavior; Prospective Studies; Psychological adjustment; Recording of previous events; Recruitment Activity; Research; Research Design; Rest; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Same-sex; Sampling; Scanning; Smoking; Social Environment; Structure; Substance Addiction; Substance Use Disorder; Substance abuse problem; Symptoms; Testing; Time; Twin Multiple Birth; Twin Studies; Youth; adolescent substance use; anti social; base; cognitive ability; design; disorder risk; emerging adult; emerging adulthood; experience; follow up assessment; high risk; innovation; insight; male; marijuana use; neurotoxic; novel; novel strategies; peer; prospective; psychosocial; psychosocial adjustment; public health relevance; social; substance misuse; university student; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Adolescence and emerging adulthood represent an important developmental period during which substance use, misuse, and abuse occur concomitantly with important changes in neurocognitive development, mental health, and the social environment, with consequences for adult adjustment. Existing literature linking the effects of youth substance use to adult adjustment demonstrates the importance of these factors, but is largely correlational and cross-sectional, and leaves equivocal their causal role. Poor adult adjustment may be the result of youth substance misuse, including possible neurotoxic effects on brain development during this sensitive period. However, factors present prior to substance use initiation, such as genetic liability, pre- existing brain anomalies reflectng the manifestation of genetic risk, contextual risk, and comorbid disorders such as childhood disruptive disorders (CDDs), influence both adolescent substance exposure and adult outcomes. Existing research has typically not accounted for such factors. Thus, even the few longitudinal studies that exist are limited in the inferences they permit. We propose extending a prospective study of 453 twin pairs, first assessed at age 11, to determine young adult outcomes at age 24. To increase the likelihood that misuse of substances would be widespread and to ensure sufficient representation of high-risk females, half of our community-based twin sample was enriched for the presence of CDDs; the other half was selected at random and is thus representative of twins born in Minnesota. Study participants completed a day-long in- person intake assessment that included substance use, mental health, overall adjustment, environmental risk and protective factors, electrophysiological measurement, academic achievement, and cognitive ability. Participants were re-assessed at age 14, when many were initiating substance use, and again at age 17, when substance misuse was becoming apparent. Our sample's current value derives from the wealth of data already gathered on the timing, duration, frequency, and intensity of exposure to specific substances coupled with our careful assessments of the twins' behavioral, environmental, and familial characteristics throughout adolescence. We will capitalize on the value of this sample by undertaking a comprehensive assessment of age-24 outcomes that broadly covers substance use disorders, mental health (including persistence of CDDs), and psychosocial, electrophysiological, and neuropsychological outcomes. A subsample of 216 twin pairs will also undergo an MRI assessment, adding to the uniqueness of our study. Our data analytic strategy emphasizes the innovative application of a co-twin differences design, a powerful method for clarifying effects due to substance use from those due to unmeasured confounding factors, including genetic factors. This novel approach capitalizes on the differences in the history of substance misuse that occur naturally within twin pairs as they grow up, allowing us to separate the effects of substance abuse from familial and psychosocial risk factors that predate substance exposure on their overall adjustment and brain functioning as adults. 1

描述（由申请人提供）：青春期和成年初期代表了一个重要的发展时期，在此期间，物质使用、误用和滥用伴随着神经认知发展、心理健康和社会环境的重要变化而发生，并对成人适应产生影响。现有文献将青少年物质使用的影响与成人适应联系起来，证明了这些因素的重要性，但很大程度上是相关性和横截面的，并且对它们的因果作用模棱两可。成人适应能力差可能是青少年滥用药物的结果，包括在这个敏感时期可能对大脑发育产生神经毒性影响。然而，在物质使用开始之前存在的因素，例如遗传倾向、反映遗传风险表现的预先存在的大脑异常、背景风险以及儿童破坏性障碍（CDD）等共病，都会影响青少年物质暴露和成年结果。现有的研究通常没有考虑到这些因素。因此，即使存在的少数纵向研究也仅限于它们所允许的推论。我们建议扩大一项对 453 对双胞胎的前瞻性研究，首先在 11 岁时进行评估，以确定 24 岁时的年轻人结局。为了增加药物滥用广泛存在的可能性并确保高风险女性有足够的代表性，一半的我们基于社区的双胞胎样本因 CDD 的存在而丰富；另一半是随机选择的，因此代表了明尼苏达州出生的双胞胎。研究参与者完成了为期一天的面对面摄入评估，包括物质使用、心理健康、整体调整、环境风险和保护因素、电生理测量、学业成绩和认知能力。参与者在 14 岁时接受了重新评估，当时许多人开始使用药物，并在 17 岁时再次接受评估，此时药物滥用现象变得越来越明显。我们样本的当前价值源自已经收集的关于接触特定物质的时间、持续时间、频率和强度的大量数据，以及我们对双胞胎整个青春期的行为、环境和家庭特征的仔细评估。我们将利用该样本的价值，对 24 岁的结果进行全面评估，广泛涵盖物质使用障碍、心理健康（包括 CDD 的持续存在）以及社会心理、电生理和神经心理学结果。 216 对双胞胎的子样本也将接受 MRI 评估，这增加了我们研究的独特性。我们的数据分析策略强调双孪生差异设计的创新应用，这是一种强有力的方法，可以澄清物质使用造成的影响与不可测量的混杂因素（包括遗传因素）造成的影响。这种新颖的方法利用了双胞胎在成长过程中自然发生的药物滥用历史的差异，使我们能够将药物滥用与家庭和心理社会风险因素的影响区分开来，这些风险因素早于药物暴露对其整体调整和大脑功能的影响作为成年人。 1

项目成果

Impact of alcohol use on EEG dynamics of response inhibition: a cotwin control analysis.

饮酒对反应抑制脑电图动力学的影响：cotwin 控制分析。

• 发表时间: 2018-01
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Harper, Jeremy;Malone, Stephen M;Iacono, William G
• 通讯作者: Iacono, William G

Theta- and delta-band EEG network dynamics during a novelty oddball task.

新颖的奇怪任务期间的 Theta 和 delta 波段脑电图网络动态。

• 发表时间: 2017-11
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Harper, Jeremy;Malone, Stephen M;Iacono, William G
• 通讯作者: Iacono, William G