Women's HIV Risk: Alcohol Intoxication, Victimization History & Partner Factors

女性感染艾滋病毒的风险：酒精中毒、受害史

基本信息

批准号：
7677597
负责人：
WILLIAM H GEORGE
金额：
$ 9.2万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2007-09-27 至 2012-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7677597
关键词：
AIDS diagnosis AIDS prevention Accounting Acute Address Adolescence Affect Affective African African American Age Alcohol consumption Alcohol or Other Drugs use Alcoholic Intoxication Alcohols American Attitude Behavior Cause of Death Characteristics Child Sexual Abuse Childhood Classification Coercion Cognitive Consumption Contracts Decision Making Distal Drug usage Esthesia Expectancy Female Fostering Fright Glean HIV HIV Infections Habits Heterosexuals High Risk Woman Individual Infection Intervention Intoxication Knowledge Laboratories Learning Link Measures Mediating Mediation Mediator of activation protein Mental Health Modeling Myopia Patient Self-Report Perception Population Prevention Prevention program Process Rate Reaction Recording of previous events Research Risk Risk Behaviors Risk Factors Risk-Taking Role Sampling Science Self Efficacy Severities Sex Behavior Sexual Transmission Sexual abuse Sexuality Social Work Solid Underserved Population United States National Institutes of Health Unsafe Sex Victimization Woman aged alcohol effect analog binge drinking condoms contextual factors design dosage drinking experience high risk sexual behavior in vivo men pressure research study response sex sexual assault size sobriety social stem success theories

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Project Summary: HIV infection is currently the 6th leading cause of death among American women aged 25-34 years, and heterosexual contact accounts for 80% of HIV infections in women. Highly controlled laboratory experiments have indicated that alcohol intoxication fosters HIV-related risk behaviors; this may be particularly true among women with a history of child sexual abuse (CSA) or later sexual assault (SA), who it is estimated comprise over 20% of all women. Research has also shown CSA-positive (CSA+) and SA-positive (SA+) women are at higher risk of HIV infection than those without such a history. This heightened risk may in part be related to alcohol use. Because the bulk of the extant research has been descriptive and correlational, virtually nothing is known about how alcohol and contextual factors such as partner characteristics operate in-the-moment to affect sexual decision-making (SDM) processes of CSA+/SA+ women, potentially increasing their risk of contracting HIV. The present project addresses this knowledge gap. Two large scale alcohol administration experiments will examine risky SDM processes among female social drinkers, aged 21-30, with and without victimization histories, in an experimental dating analogue. Drawing on existing theory, one type of partner characteristic will be manipulated in each experiment: a recent partner's relationship potential (low v. high); and an ongoing partner's pressure to have unprotected intercourse (low pressure vs. high pressure). Alcohol myopia theory will be employed as a potentially useful theoretical framework. Possible mediators of the risky SDM-alcohol connection that will be investigated in-the-moment include risk perception, self-efficacy, and anticipated partner reaction to condom negotiation. Potential moderating influences of background characteristics will also be explored, including alcohol expectancies and drinking habits, sensation seeking, traumatic sexualization, condom attitudes and sexual experiences, as well as prior victimization factors, such as type, age, and severity. Relevance: The proposed studies will advance our understanding of in-the-moment dynamics of risky HIV-related decision-making and behavior in intoxicated and sober binge-drinking women who have and have not been sexually victimized. Findings will greatly inform designers of prevention programs, who remain frustrated in their efforts to stem the spread of HIV in women and eager to learn of new and promising targets for intervention. The information gleaned from the proposed studies could be used to design HIV prevention programs that work for social-drinking women, particularly those with a history of victimization, a substantial but underserved population.

描述（申请人提供）：项目概要：艾滋病毒感染目前是美国25-34岁女性第六大死因，异性接触占女性艾滋病毒感染的80%。高度控制的实验室实验表明，酒精中毒会促进与艾滋病毒相关的危险行为；对于有儿童性虐待 (CSA) 或后来性侵犯 (SA) 历史的女性来说尤其如此，据估计，这些女性占所有女性的 20% 以上。研究还表明，CSA 阳性 (CSA+) 和 SA 阳性 (SA+) 女性比没有此类病史的女性感染 HIV 的风险更高。这种风险增加可能部分与饮酒有关。由于现有的大部分研究都是描述性和相关性的，因此对于酒精和伴侣特征等背景因素如何即时影响 CSA+/SA+ 女性的性决策 (SDM) 过程几乎一无所知。增加感染艾滋病毒的风险。本项目解决了这一知识差距。两项大规模酒精管理实验将在实验性约会模拟中检查 21-30 岁女性社交饮酒者（有或没有受害史）的危险 SDM 过程。根据现有理论，每次实验都会操纵一种类型的伴侣特征：最近伴侣的关系潜力（低与高）；以及持续伴侣进行无保护性交的压力（低压与高压）。酒精近视理论将被用作潜在有用的理论框架。目前将研究的危险 SDM-酒精联系的可能中介因素包括风险认知、自我效能以及伴侣对安全套谈判的预期反应。还将探讨背景特征的潜在调节影响，包括酒精预期和饮酒习惯、感觉寻求、创伤性性化、安全套态度和性经历，以及先前的受害因素，例如类型、年龄和严重程度。相关性：拟议的研究将增进我们对曾经或尚未遭受性侵害的醉酒和清醒酗酒女性的艾滋病毒相关风险决策和行为的即时动态的理解。研究结果将为预防计划的设计者提供重要信息，他们在阻止艾滋病毒在妇女中传播的努力中仍然感到沮丧，并渴望了解新的和有希望的干预目标。从拟议研究中收集的信息可用于设计针对社交饮酒女性的艾滋病毒预防计划，特别是那些有受害史的女性，这是一个数量庞大但服务不足的人群。