Alcohol & HIV/AIDS Risk-Taking

酒精

• 批准号: 6796377
• 负责人: WILLIAM H GEORGE
• 金额: $ 49.43万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-09-26 至 2006-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6796377
• 关键词: HIV infections; alcoholic beverage consumption; arousal; behavior prediction; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; decision making; disease /disorder proneness /risk; gender difference; high risk behavior /lifestyle; human subject; judgment; psychological models; safe sex /sex abstinence; sex behavior; sexually transmitted diseases; substance abuse related behavior; young adult human (21-34)

(Revised) DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Alcohol has emerged as a critical cofactor in HIV infection. Yet we still lack an understanding of how in-the-moment forces - such as acute intoxication - affect a person's decision to engage in risky behaviors. Our long-term goal is to illuminate the role played by intoxication in decision-making related to infectious diseases. Perhaps there exist heretofore-uninvestigated biphasic effects that would clarify paradoxical evidence of alcohol-induced suppression and associated outcomes. Such consideration may expand our understanding of alcohol and risky outcomes. The specific aims are (1) to examine the linkages among alcohol and risky behavior; (2) to evaluate the viability of the alcohol myopia model for explaining postdrinking attitudes and behavior; (3) to investigate alcohol impairment of behavior control; and (4) to expand the currently scant fund of experimental data about women after drinking by evaluating for systematic gender differences in these relationships for intoxication and risky behavior. To address these aims, six controlled laboratory experiments are planned systematically manipulating alcohol (alcohol, none), BAC limb (ascending, descending), dosage (moderate, high), behavioral activation (maximize, none, suppress), and conflict (high, low). The sample will be elevated-risk, unmarried men and women attending urban university campuses and/or residing in urban census tracts. The overarching hypothesis is that alcohol impairs the capacity to inhibit behavior and that it directly and indirectly (through its impairment of inhibition) impairs the capacity to inhibit risk-taking. Alcohol should interact with limb such that ascending exceeds descending impact and should interact such that alcohol fosters riskier outcomes under high conflict. In concert with personality and other factors, the data may inform key knowledge gaps, advance theory, and foster refinement of existing prevention approaches and formulation of new ones.

（修改） 描述（由申请人提供）：酒精已成为艾滋病毒感染的关键辅助因素。 然而，我们仍然缺乏对即时力量（例如急性中毒）如何影响一个人从事危险行为的决定的了解。 我们的长期目标是阐明中毒在传染病相关决策中所发挥的作用。 也许存在迄今为止未经研究的双相效应，可以澄清酒精引起的抑制和相关结果的矛盾证据。 这种考虑可能会扩大我们对酒精和危险后果的理解。 具体目标是（1）研究酒精与危险行为之间的联系； (2) 评估酒精近视模型解释酒后态度和行为的可行性； (3)调查酒精对行为控制的损害； (4) 通过评估这些关系中醉酒和危险行为的系统性性别差异，扩大目前缺乏的关于女性饮酒后的实验数据。 为了实现这些目标，计划进行六项受控实验室实验，系统地操纵酒精（酒精、无酒精）、BAC 肢体（上升、下降）、剂量（中等、高）、行为激活（最大化、无、抑制）和冲突（高、低）。低的）。 样本将是在城市大学校园和/或居住在城市人口普查区的高风险未婚男性和女性。 总体假设是，酒精会损害抑制行为的能力，并且它直接和间接（通过抑制抑制）损害抑制冒险的能力。 酒精应该与肢体相互作用，使得上升的影响超过下降的影响，并且应该相互作用，使得酒精在高度冲突下产生更危险的结果。 与个性和其他因素相结合，这些数据可以揭示关键的知识差距，推进理论，并促进现有预防方法的完善和新预防方法的制定。