Crisis Intervention Teams in Corrections: Exploring the impact on officer use of force and the well-being of incarcerated people with mental illness

惩教中的危机干预小组：探讨对警官使用武力以及患有精神疾病的被监禁者福祉的影响

• 批准号: 10734687
• 负责人: Kelli Elizabeth Canada
• 金额: $ 16.44万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-COLUMBIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-08 至 2025-09-07
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10734687
• 关键词: Address; Applied Skills; Attitude; Behavior; Behavioral; Categories; Collaborations; Complex; Crisis Intervention; Data; Diversion Program; Effectiveness; Environment; Event; Evidence based practice; Exposure to; Face; Frontline worker; Gatekeeping; Gender; Happiness; Harm Reduction; Health Personnel; Health Services; Health Services Research; High Prevalence; Imprisonment; Individual; Institution; Interruption; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Knowledge; Law Enforcement; Legal system; Length; Mental Health; Mental Health Services; Mental disorders; Missouri; Modeling; Multivariate Analysis; National Institute of Mental Health; Outcome; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Play; Police; Policies; Population; Prisons; Procedures; Process; Proliferating; Race; Recording of previous events; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Risk; Safety; Services; Site; Suicide; Surveys; Symptoms; System; Testing; Time; Time Series Analysis; Training; Victimization; Violence; Woman; Work; behavior change; completed suicide; design; effective intervention; effectiveness evaluation; experience; high risk; high risk population; improved; men; optimism; parole; prison population; psychological distress; response; segregation; service delivery; sexual victimization; skills; social stigma; statistics; theories; volunteer

Project Summary/Abstract People with mental illnesses are overrepresented in the criminal-legal system. Prisons are high-risk environments for all people but are especially high risk for people with mental illnesses. Despite expansion of diversion programs and an overall decline in prison populations, the proportion of people with mental illnesses in prisons continues to rise. This is, in part, due to people with mental illnesses staying in prison longer. Correctional officers (CO) are front-line workers who carry out prison policies and procedures and have discretion in how they respond during behavioral disturbances. Given the high prevalence of mental illness within the prison population, correctional settings are implementing an adapted Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) model. CIT with police is well studied and considered an evidence-based practice for officer-level outcomes and mental health service linkage. Research on the effectiveness of CIT in correctional settings is nascent. In previous research, CIT trained correctional officers had significantly more knowledge and less stigma about mental illness, more positive attitudes about people incarcerated with mental illness, and felt more prepared to respond to mental health crisis events after completing the CIT training compared to pre-training scores. Although this preliminary work is promising, there is no research examining how CIT skills are used in practice, whether it changes officer use of force, or how it impacts response to mental health crisis events. Attribution theory suggests that behavior change can occur through changes in attitudes and stigma but hypotheses surrounding the impact of CIT on officer response in prisons has yet to be tested. The proposed study utilizes existing data to examine whether CO response to mental health events, uses of force and segregation, staff grievances, and attempted and completed suicides among the incarcerated population significantly changed since implementation of CIT in one state prison system. The hypothesis is that altering CO knowledge and biases in perceiving and responding to people with MI using CIT will minimize exposure to harmful sanctions, increase safety in staff interactions, and improve response to mental health crisis events. The proposed research addresses the specific objective of the NIMH Division of Services and Intervention Research to conduct exploratory research to inform and improve the delivery and quality of interventions within real-world service delivery systems. Prisons are highly complex systems and continue to be one of the largest institutions to house people with mental illnesses. Effective intervention is critically needed to reduce harm while in prison and the length of time people spend in high-risk, prison environments.

项目概要/摘要 患有精神疾病的人在刑事法律系统中所占比例过高。监狱是高风险的地方 环境适合所有人，但对于患有精神疾病的人来说风险尤其高。尽管扩张 分流计划以及监狱人口总体下降、患有精神疾病的人数比例下降 监狱中的人数继续上升。部分原因是患有精神疾病的人在监狱里呆的时间更长。 惩教人员 (CO) 是执行监狱政策和程序的一线工作人员， 他们在行为障碍期间如何反应的自由裁量权。鉴于精神疾病的高患病率 在监狱人口中，惩教机构正在组建一个经过改造的危机干预小组 (CIT) 模型。与警察一起进行的 CIT 已得到充分研究，并被认为是针对警官级别成果的循证实践 与精神卫生服务联动。关于 CIT 在惩教环境中的有效性的研究刚刚起步。在 之前的研究表明，接受过 CIT 培训的惩教人员对以下问题的了解明显更多，耻辱感也更少： 精神疾病，对患有精神疾病的人抱有更积极的态度，并感到更有准备 与训练前分数相比，完成 CIT 培训后对心理健康危机事件的反应。 尽管这项初步工作很有希望，但还没有研究检验 CIT 技能在实践中如何使用， 它是否会改变官员使用武力的方式，或者如何影响对心理健康危机事件的反应。归因 理论表明，行为改变可以通过态度和耻辱的改变来发生，但假设 围绕 CIT 对监狱官员反应的影响尚未得到检验。拟议的研究利用 现有数据来检查 CO 是否对心理健康事件、使用武力和隔离、工作人员的反应 被监禁人口的不满、自杀未遂和自杀人数发生了显着变化 自一州监狱系统实施 CIT 以来。假设改变 CO 知识并 使用 CIT 感知和应对 MI 患者的偏见将最大限度地减少受到有害制裁的风险， 提高员工互动的安全性，并改善对心理健康危机事件的响应。拟议的 研究解决了 NIMH 服务和干预研究部门的具体目标 进行探索性研究，以告知并改善现实世界中干预措施的实施和质量 服务提供系统。监狱是高度复杂的系统，并且仍然是最大的机构之一 安置患有精神疾病的人。迫切需要有效的干预来减少监狱中的伤害 以及人们在高风险监狱环境中度过的时间长度。