The impact of a biomimetic nipple on infant performance during breast and bottle feeding

仿生奶嘴对母乳喂养和奶瓶喂养期间婴儿表现的影响

• 批准号: 10709900
• 负责人: Rebecca Z German
• 金额: $ 19.5万
• 依托单位: NORTHEAST OHIO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-23 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10709900
• 关键词: Abdominal colic; Address; Anatomy; Animal Model; Biomechanics; Biomimetics; Bottle feeding; Breast; Breast Feeding; Breastfed infant; Cattle; Child; Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Discipline of Nursing; Duct (organ) structure; Exclusive Breastfeeding; Exhibits; Exposure to; Family suidae; Food; Foundations; Functional disorder; Future; Generations; Gland; Goals; Goat; Health; Human; Incidence; Infant; Maternal Health; Measures; Mechanics; Milk; Modality; Mothers; Muscle; Muscle function; Nipples; Oral cavity; Outcome; Oxygen; Pattern; Performance; Periodicity; Physiology; Population; Premature Infant; Probability; Property; Publishing; Research; Resort; Series; Shapes; Speech; Suction; System; Testing; Tongue; Validation; Variant; Work; design; evidence base; experience; feeding; improved; infancy; infant outcome; innovation; kinematics; manufacture; maternal stress; neurophysiology; postpartum health; pressure; skills; stress reduction; sucking; suckling

There are hundreds of varieties of commercially available bottles, yet all of them are designed as a cistern filled with milk, without a system of ducts, emptying directly into the mouth from the nipple. This system is found in cows, but the human breast is comprised of a series of ducts that release milk from multiple glands within the breast. Because of this, the mechanics of breast and bottle feeding differ, and infants often struggle when being introduced to the breast, or conversely, refuse a bottle after exclusive breastfeeding. The ultimate goal of this work is to test and validate a bottle-nipple system in an animal model that matches the physiology and performance of breastfeeding infants better than currently available options. The central hypothesis is that the design of a bottle nipple system that is lactiferous, as is true for humans and our animal model, pigs, rather than cisternic, as is found in cows, will more closely match the infant neurophysiology during breastfeeding than current bottle designs. We will use an accepted and extensively published animal model for infant feeding, pigs, to test this hypothesis by comparing feeding physiology and performance between breastfeeding with bottle feeding on cisternic and ducted nipples. These results will provide a foundation for the implementation of biomimetic bottle designs that will enable successful and optimal sucking and swallowing biomechanics for bottle fed infants. This will be accomplished through two specific aims: (SA1) In three feeding modalities, breastfeeding, commercial bottle/nipple, and biomimetic nipple, characterize the neuromotor pattern and muscle activity during suckling and swallowing using fine wire bipolar EMG in healthy infant pigs; (SA2) For the same three modalities, establish the biomechanical mechanism that infant pigs use to generate intraoral pressure during sucking and swallowing. Both artificial nipples will be the same shape, stiffness, and have the same flow rates, to ensure that the only difference in design that would lead to differences in performance lies in the presence or absence of a duct. The significance of this project lies in the potential to decrease problems associated with introducing bottles or breasts to infants through the design of a biomimetic nipple, and provide infants fed on bottles with the same biomechanical benefits as those fed on the breast. The innovation of this project is the analysis and validation of a biomimetic feeding system based on maternal breast anatomy and its interaction with infant feeding physiology. These results will improve feeding outcomes for infants which currently must be fed on bottles due to various maternal and infant pathophysiologies and take a step towards the optimal design of a bottle/nipple system to enhance infant feeding.

有数百种市售瓶子，但它们都被设计为 水箱里装满了牛奶，没有管道系统，直接从乳头上排出嘴。 该系统在奶牛中发现，但人乳房由一系列释放牛奶的管道组成 从乳房内的多个腺体。因此，乳房和瓶子喂养的机制 不同，婴儿在被引入乳房时经常挣扎，或者相反，拒绝瓶子之后 独家母乳喂养。这项工作的最终目的是测试和验证瓶乳头系统 一种与母乳喂养婴儿的生理和表现相匹配的动物模型比 当前可用的选项。中心假设是瓶乳头系统的设计 人类和我们的动物模型，猪，而不是居民，而不是在牛中发现的， 与当前的瓶装设计相比，母乳喂养期间婴儿神经生理学的匹配更加紧密。 我们将使用公认的广泛发表的动物模型进行婴儿喂养，猪，对此进行测试 通过比较母乳喂养与瓶子之间的喂养生理学和表现来假设 以木制和管道乳头为食。这些结果将为实施提供基础 仿生瓶设计将使成功，最佳的吮吸和吞咽 喂养婴儿的生物力学。这将通过两个具体目标来完成：（SA1）三个 喂养方式，母乳喂养，商业瓶/乳头和仿生乳头，特征是 哺乳和吞咽过程中使用细丝双极EMG在哺乳和吞咽过程中的神经运动图案和肌肉活动 健康的婴儿猪； （SA2）对于相同的三种方式，建立生物力学机制 婴儿猪在吮吸和吞咽过程中用来产生口腔压力。两个人造乳头将 保持相同的形状，刚度并具有相同的流速，以确保设计的唯一差异 这将导致性能差异在于存在或不存在管道的情况下。意义 这个项目的可能是减少与将瓶子或乳房引入瓶子或乳房相关的问题 通过设计仿生乳头的婴儿，并在瓶子上提供相同的婴儿 生物力学益处与乳房喂养的益处。该项目的创新是分析和 基于母体乳房解剖结构及其与其与之相互作用的仿生饲喂系统的验证 婴儿喂养生理学。这些结果将改善目前必须的婴儿的喂养结果 由于各种母亲和婴儿的病理生理学，可以用瓶子喂养，并迈出一步 瓶/乳头系统的最佳设计，以增强婴儿喂养。