COMMUNICATING MULTIPLE DISEASE RISKS: A TRANSLATION OF RISK PREDICTION SCIENCE

沟通多种疾病风险：风险预测科学的转化

• 批准号: 9215650
• 负责人: Erika A Waters
• 金额: $ 38.91万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-04-01 至 2019-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9215650
• 关键词: Aerobic Exercise; Affect; Affective; Assessment tool; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Cancer Science; Characteristics; Chronic Disease; Cities; Clinical; Cognitive; Colon Carcinoma; Communication; Communities; Complex; Comprehension; Descriptor; Diabetes Mellitus; Disease; Education; Effectiveness; Enrollment; Epidemiology; Ethnic Origin; Exercise; Fostering; Future; General Population; Guidelines; Health; Health Communication; Health behavior; Heart Diseases; Individual; Informal Social Control; Internet; Intervention; Knowledge; Lead; Malignant Neoplasms; Mediator of activation protein; Minority Groups; Motivation; Outcome; Participant; Persons; Physical activity; Population; Population Heterogeneity; Public Health; Public Health Applications Research; Race; Randomized; Randomized Controlled Trials; Research; Research Design; Respondent; Risk; Risk Assessment; Risk Estimate; Risk Factors; Risk Reduction; Role; Sampling; Science; Severities; Source; Stroke; Target Populations; Testing; Text; Translating; Translations; Underrepresented Groups; Visual; Woman; base; behavior change; burden of illness; clinical application; design; disorder prevention; disorder risk; education research; epidemiologic data; ethnic minority population; experience; experimental study; follow-up; health disparity; high risk; high school; improved; insight; malignant breast neoplasm; mathematical ability; member; motivated behavior; physical inactivity; prevent; primary outcome; public health relevance; racial and ethnic; response; risk perception; secondary outcome; social; socioeconomics; theories; tool

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Epidemiology seeks to improve public health by identifying risk factors for cancer and other diseases. Yet, the public does not always use that information to make appropriate health decisions. One reason might be that, even though a single risk factor can affect the risk of multiple diseases, this information is seldom communicated in a way that optimizes people's understanding of the importance of engaging in a single healthy behavior. Helping people understand how a single behavior could affect their risk of multiple diseases could foster a more coherent and meaningful picture of the behavior's importance in reducing health risks, increase motivation and intentions to engage in the behavior, and eventually improve public health. The objective of this study is to translate epidemiological data about five major health consequences of insufficient physical activity (i.e., colon cancer, breast cancer [women], heart disease, diabetes, and stroke) into a visual display that conveys individualized risk estimates in a way that is understandable and meaningful to diverse lay audiences. The aims are to 1) Identify which combination of four risk communication strategies most effectively conveys risk estimates of five diseases associated with physical inactivity, and 2) Incorporate these strategies into a visual display and compare its effectiveness to alphanumeric text. The study design, including identification and prioritization of primary and secondary outcomes, was guided by health behavior theory. The sample will be comprised of approximately 50% members of racial/ethnic minority groups and 50% with no more than a high school diploma. Participants will be enrolled from two sources: the GfK Knowledge Networks Internet Panel (N=1130) and a large Midwestern city (N=392). Participants in Aim 1 will be randomly assigned to one of eight experimental conditions in a 2x2x2 full factorial design. The conditions will vary according the whether the risk estimate is conveyed as a qualitative descriptor (e.g., high risk) vs. a numerical estimate, the presence/absence of social comparison information (i.e., how their risk compares to the average person), and the presence/absence of risk reduction information. Aim 2 will utilize a randomized controlled trial. Primary outcomes for both aims will be risk comprehension and intentions to increase physical activity. Secondary outcomes will be cognitive and affective perceived likelihood, response efficacy, perceived severity, and worry (Aims 1 and 2), and engagement in physical activity at 90-day follow-up (Aim 2). Potential moderators (i.e., race/ethnicity, education, numeracy) and mediators (e.g., response efficacy) will be examined for both aims. Completing the aims will impact public health by providing: 1) a versatile visual display that can be adapted to communicate multiple health risks in several domains, 2) a functional risk assessment tool that can be integrated into individual, community, or clinical interventions, and 3) increased basic and applied scientific knowledge. This research may also contribute to the reduction of health disparities; its focus on understanding demographic moderators will increase the applicability of the display to underrepresented groups.

 描述（由申请人提供）：流行病学旨在通过识别癌症和其他疾病的风险因素来改善公众健康，但公众并不总是使用该信息来做出适当的健康决策，即使是单一风险。尽管某些因素可能会影响多种疾病的风险，但这种信息很少以一种能够让人们更好地理解单一健康行为的重要性的方式进行传达。连贯且有意义的画面该行为对于降低健康风险、增加参与该行为的动机和意图并最终改善公众健康的重要性本研究的目的是转化有关体力活动不足的五种主要健康后果（即结肠癌、乳腺癌（女性）、心脏病、糖尿病和中风）转化为视觉显示，以不同的非专业受众可以理解和有意义的方式传达个性化的风险评估，目的是 1) 确定四种风险沟通策略的组合。最有效地传达风险估计与缺乏身体活动相关的五种疾病，以及 2) 将这些策略纳入视觉显示并比较其有效性 研究设计，包括主要和次要结果的识别和优先顺序，以健康行为理论为指导，样本将由大约 50% 的少数族裔成员组成，其中 50% 的成员不超过高水平。参与者将从两个来源注册：GfK 知识网络互联网小组 (N=1130) 和一个中西部大城市 (N=392)，目标 1 的参与者将被随机分配到八个实验条件之一。在 2x2x2 全因子设计中，条件将根据风险估计是否作为定性描述符（例如高风险）与数值估计、社会比较信息的存在/不存在（即风险如何比较）而变化。目标 2 将利用随机对照试验，主要结果是风险理解，次要结果是认知。情感感知可能性、反应效能、感知严重性和担忧（目标 1 和 2），以及 90 天随访时的体力活动参与度（目标 2）。将针对这两个目标对中介因素（例如反应功效）进行检查。完成这些目标将通过提供以下方式影响公共健康：1）可适应多种健康风险的多功能视觉显示。领域，2）可纳入个人、社区或临床干预措施的功能性风险评估工具，3）增加基础和应用科学知识本研究还可能有助于减少健康差异；将增加显示对代表性不足群体的适用性。