Behavioral Determinants of Cocaine Tolerance

可卡因耐受性的行为决定因素

• 批准号: 6571416
• 负责人: MARC N BRANCH
• 金额: $ 14.26万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-04-01 至 2008-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6571416
• 关键词: Saimiri; behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral habituation /sensitization; cocaine; drug tolerance; operant conditionings; pigeons; reinforcer; substance abuse related behavior

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cocaine dependence remains a significant health issue in the United States, with recent surveys indicating that more than 5.6 million Americans had used cocaine within the past year, and more than 23 million at some time in their lifetimes. Interestingly, estimates indicate that only about 5 to 10 percent of those who use cocaine eventually become dependent on it. Reportedly, a typical pattern of development of cocaine dependence is one in which a person uses the drug intermittently for a period of two to four years before full-fledged dependence emerges. The factors that lead to dependence have not been identified, so the proposed research is aimed at furthering our knowledge concerning behavioral effects of relatively long-term intermittent exposure to cocaine. Laboratory study of effects of intermittent exposure to cocaine has revealed either tolerance or sensitization. Previous research, however, has indicated that experiential/behavioral factors can determine whether or not tolerance to cocaine's effects occurs. The proposed research is aimed at adding to our knowledge of how experiential factors interact with repeated cocaine exposure. The specific aims of this application are to: 1.) Expand our analyses of the interaction between explicitly conditioned operant behavior (as a model of purposive behavior) and general activity (while characterizing activity more fully) during repeated exposure to cocaine. Our recent finding that presence of an operant contingency prevented the observation of sensitization to the drug's effects on general activity has set the basis for this aim. 2.) Continue our examination of the role of alterations in rate of reinforcement as a predictor of tolerance to effects of cocaine. 3.) Continue analyses of reinforcement-schedule-parameter dependent tolerance to determine if such tolerance is "contingent," if and how it is related to behavioral economic factors, and how rate of reinforcement and ratio contingencies interact. The study of long-term, intermittent exposure to cocaine has clear potential relevance to the genesis of cocaine dependence. Understanding of the processes that occur under long-term, intermittent exposure should facilitate the development of effective treatment and, especially, prevention programs.

描述（由申请人提供）：可卡因依赖在美国仍然是一个重大的健康问题，最近的调查表明，超过 560 万美国人在过去一年中使用过可卡因，并且超过 2300 万美国人在一生中的某个时候使用过可卡因。有趣的是，据估计，只有约 5% 至 10% 的可卡因使用者最终会对它产生依赖。据报道，可卡因依赖的典型发展模式是，一个人在出现完全依赖之前间歇性使用该药物两到四年。导致依赖的因素尚未确定，因此拟议的研究旨在加深我们对相对长期间歇性接触可卡因的行为影响的了解。 对间歇性接触可卡因影响的实验室研究揭示了耐受性或致敏性。然而，先前的研究表明，经验/行为因素可以决定是否发生对可卡因作用的耐受性。拟议的研究旨在增加我们对经验因素如何与反复接触可卡因相互作用的了解。该应用程序的具体目标是： 1.) 扩展我们对重复接触可卡因期间显式条件操作行为（作为有目的行为的模型）和一般活动（同时更全面地表征活动）之间相互作用的分析。我们最近的发现是，操作性意外事件的存在阻碍了观察药物对一般活动的影响，这为这一目标奠定了基础。 2.) 继续研究强化率变化作为可卡因耐受性预测指标的作用。 3.) 继续分析强化-时间表-参数相关的耐受性，以确定这种耐受性是否是“偶然的”，它是否与行为经济因素相关以及如何相关，以及强化率和比率意外事件如何相互作用。对长期、间歇性接触可卡因的研究与可卡因依赖的起源具有明显的潜在相关性。了解长期、间歇性暴露下发生的过程应有助于制定有效的治疗方案，特别是预防方案。