BEHAVIORAL DETERMINANTS OF COCAINE TOLERANCE

可卡因耐受性的行为决定因素

• 批准号: 2414546
• 负责人: MARC N BRANCH
• 金额: $ 14.18万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-04-01 至 1998-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2414546
• 关键词: Saimiri; behavior prediction; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral habituation /sensitization; cocaine; drug addiction; drug administration rate /duration; drug tolerance; operant conditionings; pigeons; psychopharmacology; reinforcer

Cocaine tends not to be immediately addictive. Current estimates place the percentage of persons in the United States who have become dependent on cocaine at about 7% (more than 2 million individuals so far) of those who ever use the drug. The factors that lead to dependence have not been identified, but clinical evidence suggests that a prolonged period of intermittent use of the drug often precedes the development of dependence. The proposed research is aimed at furthering our knowledge concerning behavioral effects of relatively long-term intermittent exposure to cocaine. Laboratory study of effects of long-term intermittent exposure to cocaine has yielded a puzzling array of results. Sometimes tolerance is observed, sometimes sensitization. Also effects of terminating a long series of administrations of cocaine (i.e., drug withdrawal) have ranged from a dependency syndrome to no effect. Previous research, however, has indicated that experiential/behavioral factors can determine whether or not tolerance occurs to cocaine's effects or whether effects of the drug persist after if is withdrawn. The proposed research is aimed at adding to our knowledge of how experiential factors interact with repeated cocaine exposure. The specific aims of this application follow mainly from our previous research, and in each study operant behavior of either pigeons or squirrel monkeys will be examined. In the proposed studies we shall 1) compare intermittent exposure to a fixed dose with intermittent exposure to variable doses; 2) assess the magnitude of tolerance that can be generated by gradually increasing the dose of cocaine intermittently experienced; 3) begin an examination of the interaction between behavior maintained by conditioned reinforcement and repeated exposure to cocaine; 4) attempt to isolate factors that may have prevented the development of tolerance in our previous research; 5) continue our analysis of factors involved in the development of tolerance to behavioral stimulating effects of cocaine (most research on cocaine tolerance has involved study of response-diminishing effects of the drug); and 6) continue our attempts to isolate the crucial factors responsible for reinforcement- schedule dependent tolerance to cocaine. The study of long-term, intermittent exposure to cocaine has potential relevance to the genesis of cocaine dependence. Understanding of the processes that occur under long-term exposure should facilitate the development of effective treatment and, especially, prevention programs.

可卡因往往不会立即上瘾。 当前的估计位置 美国的人的百分比 在可卡因上约为7％（迄今为止超过200万个人） 谁曾经使用过这种药物。 导致依赖的因素尚未 确定的，但临床证据表明 间歇性使用该药物通常在开发之前 依赖。 拟议的研究旨在促进我们的知识 关于相对长期间歇的行为影响 暴露于可卡因。 实验室研究可卡因长期间歇性接触的影响 产生了令人困惑的结果。 有时宽容是 观察到，有时是敏化。 还终止了长时间的影响 可卡因的一系列管理（即戒毒）范围 从依赖综合征到无效。 然而，以前的研究已经 表明经验/行为因素可以确定是否或 可卡因的作用或药物的影响是否不耐受性 在撤回后坚持下去。 拟议的研究旨在增加 据我们了解，经验因素如何与重复相互作用 可卡因暴露。 本申请的具体目的主要来自我们以前的 研究，在每个研究的鸽子或 将检查松鼠猴子。 在拟议的研究中，我们将1） 比较间歇性接触与固定剂量的间歇性暴露 可变剂量； 2）评估可以是的公差幅度 通过间歇性地增加可卡因的剂量来产生 经验丰富； 3）开始检查行为之间的相互作用 通过条件加固和反复接触可卡因； 4）试图隔离可能阻止发展的因素 在我们以前的研究中的容忍度； 5）继续我们对因素的分析 参与对行为刺激的耐受性的发展 可卡因的影响（大多数对可卡因耐受性的研究都涉及研究 药物的反应减少作用）； 6）继续我们的 试图隔离负责加强的关键因素 - 安排对可卡因的依赖性耐受性。 长期，间歇性接触可卡因的研究具有潜力 与可卡因依赖的起源有关。 理解 在长期暴露下发生的过程应促进 开发有效的治疗，尤其是预防计划。