BEHAVIORAL DETERMINANTS OF COCAINE TOLERANCE

可卡因耐受性的行为决定因素

• 批准号: 2414546
• 负责人: MARC N BRANCH
• 金额: $ 14.18万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-04-01 至 1998-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2414546
• 关键词: Saimiri; behavior prediction; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral habituation /sensitization; cocaine; drug addiction; drug administration rate /duration; drug tolerance; operant conditionings; pigeons; psychopharmacology; reinforcer

Cocaine tends not to be immediately addictive. Current estimates place the percentage of persons in the United States who have become dependent on cocaine at about 7% (more than 2 million individuals so far) of those who ever use the drug. The factors that lead to dependence have not been identified, but clinical evidence suggests that a prolonged period of intermittent use of the drug often precedes the development of dependence. The proposed research is aimed at furthering our knowledge concerning behavioral effects of relatively long-term intermittent exposure to cocaine. Laboratory study of effects of long-term intermittent exposure to cocaine has yielded a puzzling array of results. Sometimes tolerance is observed, sometimes sensitization. Also effects of terminating a long series of administrations of cocaine (i.e., drug withdrawal) have ranged from a dependency syndrome to no effect. Previous research, however, has indicated that experiential/behavioral factors can determine whether or not tolerance occurs to cocaine's effects or whether effects of the drug persist after if is withdrawn. The proposed research is aimed at adding to our knowledge of how experiential factors interact with repeated cocaine exposure. The specific aims of this application follow mainly from our previous research, and in each study operant behavior of either pigeons or squirrel monkeys will be examined. In the proposed studies we shall 1) compare intermittent exposure to a fixed dose with intermittent exposure to variable doses; 2) assess the magnitude of tolerance that can be generated by gradually increasing the dose of cocaine intermittently experienced; 3) begin an examination of the interaction between behavior maintained by conditioned reinforcement and repeated exposure to cocaine; 4) attempt to isolate factors that may have prevented the development of tolerance in our previous research; 5) continue our analysis of factors involved in the development of tolerance to behavioral stimulating effects of cocaine (most research on cocaine tolerance has involved study of response-diminishing effects of the drug); and 6) continue our attempts to isolate the crucial factors responsible for reinforcement- schedule dependent tolerance to cocaine. The study of long-term, intermittent exposure to cocaine has potential relevance to the genesis of cocaine dependence. Understanding of the processes that occur under long-term exposure should facilitate the development of effective treatment and, especially, prevention programs.

可卡因往往不会立即让人上瘾。 目前估计地点 美国受抚养人的百分比 其中约 7% 的人吸食可卡因（迄今为止已有超过 200 万人） 曾经使用过该药物的人。 导致依赖性的因素尚未查明 已确定，但临床证据表明，长期 间歇性使用药物通常先于疾病的发展 依赖性。 拟议的研究旨在增进我们的知识 关于相对长期间歇性的行为影响 接触可卡因。 长期间歇性接触可卡因影响的实验室研究 得出了一系列令人费解的结果。 有时候宽容就是 观察到，有时会致敏。 还有终止长的影响 可卡因的一系列给药（即戒毒）范围 从依赖综合症到无效。 然而，之前的研究已经 表明经验/行为因素可以决定是否或 对可卡因的作用或药物的作用是否产生耐受性 if 撤回后仍继续。 拟议的研究旨在增加 据我们所知，经验因素如何与重复的相互作用 可卡因暴露。 该应用程序的具体目标主要来自我们之前的 研究，以及在每项研究中鸽子或 松鼠猴将接受检查。 在拟议的研究中，我们将 1) 比较固定剂量的间歇暴露与间歇暴露 可变剂量； 2）评估可容忍的程度 通过间歇性逐渐增加可卡因剂量产生 有经验的； 3）开始检查行为之间的相互作用 通过条件强化和反复接触可卡因来维持； 4）尝试隔离可能阻碍发展的因素 我们之前的研究中的耐受性； 5）继续我们的因素分析 参与对行为刺激的耐受性的发展 可卡因的影响（大多数关于可卡因耐受性的研究都涉及研究 药物的反应减弱作用）； 6）继续我们的 试图分离出负责强化的关键因素—— 安排对可卡因的依赖性耐受性。 长期、间歇性接触可卡因的研究具有潜力 与可卡因依赖的起源相关。 的理解 长期暴露下发生的过程应促进 制定有效的治疗方案，特别是预防方案。