Community Violence and Reproductive Health among Youth in Salinas, California

加利福尼亚州萨利纳斯青少年的社区暴力和生殖健康

基本信息

批准号：
9264404
负责人：
ALEXANDRA M MINNIS
金额：
$ 61.67万
依托单位：
RESEARCH TRIANGLE INSTITUTE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-08-01 至 2020-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9264404
关键词：
Accounting Address Adolescence Adolescent Adult Affect Age Agriculture Area Birth Rate California Characteristics Collaborations Communication Communities County Coupled Destinations Developing Countries Discrimination Employment Ensure Environment Ethnic group Family Female Focus Groups Funding Gender Generations Health Hispanics Home environment Immigrant Immigration Individual Intervention Interview Justice Latina Latino Methods Mexican Modeling Names National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neighborhoods Outcome Pathway interactions Peer Group Population Pregnancy Pregnancy in Adolescence Prevention approach Prospective cohort study Public Health Qualitative Research Recording of previous events Reproductive Health Research Research Design Research Personnel Risk Risk Behaviors Rural Rural Community Salinas Valley Sampling San Francisco Schools Sexual Health Shapes Students Techniques Teenagers Time United States United States National Institutes of Health Unsafe Sex Violence Work Workplace Youth adolescent sexual health aged agricultural community base bullying cohesion cohort critical developmental period design early childbearing eighth grade evidence base experience family structure fighting gang gang violence health disparity high risk high school innovation junior high school male migration peer prospective protective behavior public health relevance racial and ethnic rural counties secondary outcome social socioeconomic disparity socioeconomics teen birth tenth grade youth violence youth violence prevention

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION: The objective of this study, led by an early-stage investigator building directly on her NICHD K01 research, is to address gaps in research on structural and interpersonal factors in a rural, agricultural community that influence the onset of youth violence and sexual health risks associated with teen pregnancy during the transition from early to middle adolescence. In California, where one in eight U.S. adolescents reside; Latinas maintain the highest teen birth rate, accounting, in 2010, for 41% of the teen population yet 73% of teen births. Adolescent sexual health research has focused primarily on urban youth; however, one in three California teen births are to Latina teens residing in a rural county. Numerous structural and interpersonal (family, peer, partner) factors that shape the risk environment differ between urban and rural communities. Understanding these underlying contexts that contribute to health disparities is vital to achieving substantive improvements in health outcomes. Our NIH-funded research with Latino adolescents in San Francisco over the past 12 years has highlighted a strong connection between community violence and unintended teen pregnancy. Though traditionally regarded as urban, gangs have emerged in many nonurban areas of the United States. This study will take place in Salinas, CA, an agricultural community located in Monterey County on California's central coast. The U.S. Department of Justice named Salinas as one of six high-risk communities nationally for youth gang violence. Monterey County had the sixth highest teen birth rate in 2010 among California's 58 counties. High rates of youth violence and early childbearing in Salinas, California, coupled with entrenched socioeconomic disparities resulting from generations of Mexican migration for agricultural-sector employment, make research to develop appropriate interventions imperative. This context presents an opportunity to examine the relative salience of structural and interpersonal factors to youth violence and reproductive health in a rural county like numerous others throughout central California. This research was initiated by the Monterey County Health Department and has been developed in partnership with an experienced team of NIH investigators. Informed by the Social Ecological Model of Health, we will accomplish our aims through a mixed-methods design that includes formative qualitative research using focus groups, followed by a 2-year prospective cohort study with a random sample of 600 8th grade students, 40 of whom will be selected to complete prospective in-depth interviews. Our aims are to 1) investigate structural and interpersonal factors that are individually and jointly associated with engagement in violent behaviors and sexual health risks among female and male 8th-grade Latino students in Salinas, CA; 2) examine the trajectories of violent behaviors and sexual risk over time, and their interaction, during the transition from 8th grade to 10th grade; and 3) identify structural and interpersonal factors that influence engagement in violent behaviors and sexual health risks during the transition from 8th grade to 10th grade.

描述：这项研究由一位早期研究人员领导，直接建立在 NICHD K01 研究的基础上，旨在解决农村、农业社区中影响青少年暴力和性健康发生的结构和人际因素的研究空白。从青春期早期到中期过渡期间与青少年怀孕相关的风险。加州有八分之一的美国青少年居住；拉丁裔保持着最高的青少年出生率，2010 年占青少年人口的 41%，但占青少年出生率的 73%。青少年性健康研究主要集中在城市青年；然而，加州三分之一的青少年是居住在农村县的拉丁裔青少年。众多结构城乡社区之间形成风险环境的人际（家庭、同伴、伴侣）因素有所不同。了解这些造成健康差异的根本背景对于实现健康结果的实质性改善至关重要。过去 12 年，我们在美国国立卫生研究院 (NIH) 的资助下，对旧金山的拉丁裔青少年进行了研究，结果强调了社区暴力与青少年意外怀孕之间的密切联系。尽管传统上被认为是城市地区，但帮派却在美国许多非城市地区出现。这项研究将在加利福尼亚州萨利纳斯进行，这是位于加利福尼亚州中部海岸蒙特雷县的一个农业社区。美国司法部将萨利纳斯列为全国青少年帮派暴力的六个高风险社区之一。 2010 年，蒙特雷县青少年出生率在加州 58 个县中排名第六。加利福尼亚州萨利纳斯的青少年暴力和早育率很高，再加上几代墨西哥人为农业部门就业而移民造成的根深蒂固的社会经济差距，使得研究制定适当的干预措施势在必行。这一背景提供了一个机会来研究结构性和人际因素对农村县（与加州中部许多其他县一样）青少年暴力和生殖健康的相对显着性。这项研究由蒙特雷县卫生局发起，并与经验丰富的 NIH 研究人员团队合作开发。在健康社会生态模型的指导下，我们将通过混合方法设计来实现我们的目标，其中包括使用焦点小组进行形成性定性研究，然后进行为期 2 年的前瞻性队列研究，随机抽样 600 名八年级学生，其中 40 名学生为将选择谁来完成前瞻性深度访谈。我们的目标是 1) 调查加利福尼亚州萨利纳斯八年级拉丁裔男女学生中与暴力行为和性健康风险单独和共同相关的结构和人际因素； 2) 检查从八年级到十年级过渡期间暴力行为和性风险随时间的变化轨迹及其相互作用； 3) 确定从八年级到十年级过渡期间影响暴力行为和性健康风险的结构性和人际因素。