Community Violence and Reproductive Health among Youth in Salinas, California

加利福尼亚州萨利纳斯青少年的社区暴力和生殖健康

• 批准号: 8629189
• 负责人: ALEXANDRA M MINNIS
• 金额: $ 59.7万
• 依托单位: RESEARCH TRIANGLE INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2018-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8629189
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Affect; Age; Agriculture; Area; Birth Rate; California; Characteristics; Cohort Studies; Collaborations; Communication; Communities; County; Coupled; Destinations; Developed Countries; Discrimination; Employment; Ensure; Environment; Ethnic group; Family; Female; Focus Groups; Funding; Gender; Generations; Health; Hispanics; Home environment; Immigrant; Immigration; Intervention; Interview; Justice; Latina; Latino; Maps; Methods; Mexican; Modeling; Names; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Peer Group; Population; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Adolescence; Prevention approach; Public Health; Qualitative Research; Recording of previous events; Relative (related person); Reproductive Health; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Rural; Rural Community; Salinum; Sampling; San Francisco; Schools; Sexual Health; Shapes; Staging; Students; Techniques; Teenagers; Time; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Unsafe Sex; Violence; Work; Workplace; Youth; aged; base; bullying; cohesion; cohort; critical developmental period; design; early childbearing; eighth grade; evidence base; experience; family structure; fighting; gang; gang violence; health disparity; high risk; high school; innovation; junior high school; male; migration; peer; prospective; protective behavior; public health relevance; racial and ethnic; secondary outcome; social; socioeconomics; teen birth; tenth grade; youth violence; youth violence prevention

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The objective of this study, led by an early-stage investigator building directly on her NICHD K01 research, is to address gaps in research on structural and interpersonal factors in a rural, agricultural community that influence the onset of youth violence and sexual health risks associated with teen pregnancy during the transition from early to middle adolescence. In California, where one in eight U.S. adolescents reside, Latinas maintain the highest teen birth rate, accounting, in 2010, for 41% of the teen population yet 73% of teen births. Adolescent sexual health research has focused primarily on urban youth; however, one in three California teen births are to Latina teens residing in a rural county. Numerous structural and interpersonal (family, peer, partner) factors that shape the risk environment differ between urban and rural communities. Understanding these underlying contexts that contribute to health disparities is vital to achieving substantive improvements in health outcomes. Our NIH-funded research with Latino adolescents in San Francisco over the past 12 years has highlighted a strong connection between community violence and unintended teen pregnancy. Though traditionally regarded as urban, gangs have emerged in many nonurban areas of the United States. This study will take place in Salinas, CA, an agricultural community located in Monterey County on California's central coast. The U.S. Department of Justice named Salinas as one of six high-risk communities nationally for youth gang violence. Monterey County had the sixth highest teen birth rate in 2010 among California's 58 counties. High rates of youth violence and early childbearing in Salinas, California, coupled with entrenched socioeconomic disparities resulting from generations of Mexican migration for agricultural-sector employment, make research to develop appropriate interventions imperative. This context presents an opportunity to examine the relative salience of structural and interpersonal factors to youth violence and reproductive health in a rural county like numerous others throughout central California. This research was initiated by the Monterey County Health Department and has been developed in partnership with an experienced team of NIH investigators. Informed by the Social Ecological Model of Health, we will accomplish our aims through a mixed-methods design that includes formative qualitative research using focus groups, followed by a 2-year prospective cohort study with a random sample of 600 8th grade students, 40 of whom will be selected to complete prospective in-depth interviews. Our aims are to 1) investigate structural and interpersonal factors that are individually and jointly associated with engagement in violent behaviors and sexual health risks among female and male 8th-grade Latino students in Salinas, CA; 2) examine the trajectories of violent behaviors and sexual risk over time, and their interaction, during the transition from 8th grade to 10th grade; and 3) identify structural and interpersonal factors that influence engagement in violent behaviors and sexual health risks during the transition from 8th grade to 10th grade.

项目概要/摘要 这项研究由一位早期研究人员领导，直接基于她的 NICHD K01 研究，其目标是 解决农村、农业社区结构和人际因素研究方面的差距 影响青少年暴力的发生以及与青少年怀孕相关的性健康风险 从青春期早期到中期的过渡。在加利福尼亚州，有八分之一的美国青少年居住，拉丁裔 保持最高的青少年出生率，2010 年占青少年人口的 41%，但占青少年人口的 73% 出生。青少年性健康研究主要集中在城市青年；然而，三分之一 加州青少年的出生是指居住在农村县的拉丁裔青少年。大量的结构和人际关系 城市和农村社区之间形成风险环境的（家庭、同侪、伴侣）因素有所不同。 了解这些导致健康差异的根本背景对于实现实质性目标至关重要 改善健康状况。我们由美国国立卫生研究院 (NIH) 资助的旧金山拉丁裔青少年研究 过去 12 年凸显了社区暴力与青少年意外行为之间的密切联系 怀孕。尽管传统上被认为是城市地区，但帮派却在许多非城市地区出现。 美国。这项研究将在加利福尼亚州萨利纳斯进行，这是一个位于蒙特雷的农业社区 加利福尼亚州中部海岸的县。美国司法部将萨利纳斯列为六大高风险国家之一 全国范围内的青少年帮派暴力社区。蒙特雷县 2010 年青少年出生率排名第六 加利福尼亚州 58 个县之一。加利福尼亚州萨利纳斯的青少年暴力和早育率很高 再加上墨西哥几代人移民造成的根深蒂固的社会经济差距 农业部门的就业，使得研究制定适当的干预措施势在必行。这个上下文 提供了一个机会来研究结构和人际因素对青年的相对重要性 与加州中部的许多其他县一样，这个农村县的暴力和生殖健康问题。这 研究由蒙特雷县卫生局发起并合作开发 拥有一支经验丰富的 NIH 研究人员团队。以健康社会生态模型为指导，我们将 通过混合方法设计来实现我们的目标，其中包括使用以下方法进行形成性定性研究 焦点小组，随后随机抽取 600 名八年级学生进行为期 2 年的前瞻性队列研究， 其中40人将被选中完成前瞻性深度访谈。我们的目标是 1) 调查 与参与暴力行为单独或共同相关的结构性和人际因素 加利福尼亚州萨利纳斯市八年级拉丁裔男女学生的行为和性健康风险； 2） 检查一段时间内暴力行为和性风险的轨迹及其相互作用 从八年级过渡到十年级； 3）确定影响的结构和人际关系因素 从八年级到十年级过渡期间的暴力行为和性健康风险。