A Novel Permeable Barrier for Groundwater Bioremediation

地下水生物修复的新型渗透屏障

• 批准号: 7221409
• 负责人: Fatemeh Shirazi
• 金额: $ 6万
• 依托单位: MICROVI BIOTECH, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-30 至 2007-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7221409
• 关键词: biotransformation; detoxification; environmental stressor; environmental toxicology; field study; ground water; hazardous substances; membrane permeability; microorganism; technology /technique development; trichloroethylene; water pollution; water treatment

Description (provided by applicant): This Small Business Innovative Research Phase I project proposes the use of a novel, highly effective biotechnology approach in the area of environmental bioremediation for chemical contaminant mixtures. The investigators propose to overcome some of the disadvantages of in situ bioremediation techniques, such as bioaugmentation or biostimulation, by using an innovative and cost-effective technology called Biological Permeable Barrier (BPB) (U.S. patent). BPB technology uses acclimated microorganisms, encapsulated with an unique polymeric matrix, to degrade contaminants. For this research, the investigators propose to demonstrate BPB technology to biodegrade TCE, perchlorate, and a mixture of the two to non-toxic end products under field operating conditions. Following appropriate treatability studies in the laboratory (batch and column studies) a field pilot study will be designed to and installed in the groundwater contaminated zone at the Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant, Karnack, TX to demonstrate its effectiveness to biodegrade TCE and perchlorate contaminants. The encapsulated cells embedded in situ BPB reactor cells are shielded from harsh surroundings while target pollutants flow through the matrix to be metabolized. BPB offers many advantages over traditional in situ bioremediation technologies, including: (1) protection of viable cells from shock contaminant loads and environmental stresses, (2) increased bacterial mass per unit volume, (3) the ability to cotreat several contaminants at the same time, (4) it can be designed as a passive treatment with reduced operation and management, and (5) it minimizes adverse health effects to workers and the public by eliminating contact exposure. Current trends and near-term priorities for selection of treatment alternatives are toward in situ remediation of large sites and this research responds to this trend. The BPB concept represents a "step-change" in available technologies from both a lower cost and remediation effectiveness perspective. This research will provide an opportunity to demonstrate the effectiveness of this already laboratory-proven technology in the field.

描述（由申请人提供）：该小型企业创新研究第一阶段项目提出在化学污染物混合物的环境生物修复领域使用一种新颖、高效的生物技术方法。 研究人员建议通过使用一种称为生物渗透屏障（BPB）（美国专利）的创新且具有成本效益的技术来克服原位生物修复技术（例如生物强化或生物刺激）的一些缺点。 BPB 技术使用经过驯化的微生物，并用独特的聚合物基质封装，以降解污染物。 在这项研究中，研究人员提议证明 BPB 技术能够在现场操作条件下生物降解 TCE、高氯酸盐以及两者的混合物，生成无毒的最终产品。 在实验室进行适当的可处理性研究（批量和柱研究）后，将设计并安装在德克萨斯州卡纳克 Longhorn 陆军弹药厂的地下水污染区进行现场试点研究，以证明其生物降解 TCE 和高氯酸盐污染物的有效性。 嵌入原位 BPB 反应器细胞中的封装细胞免受恶劣环境的影响，而目标污染物流过基质进行代谢。 与传统的原位生物修复技术相比，BPB 具有许多优势，包括：(1) 保护活细胞免受冲击污染物负荷和环境压力的影响，(2) 增加单位体积的细菌量，(3) 同时共同处理多种污染物的能力时间，（4）它可以被设计为一种被动治疗，减少操作和管理，（5）通过消除接触暴露，最大限度地减少对工人和公众健康的不利影响。 当前趋势和选择治疗替代方案的近期优先事项是对大型场地进行原位修复，本研究响应了这一趋势。 从降低成本和修复有效性的角度来看，BPB 概念代表了可用技术的“阶跃变化”。 这项研究将提供一个机会来证明这种已经在该领域得到实验室验证的技术的有效性。