From Irritability to Impairment: How Neurodevelopment of Executive Function and Parent-Child Neural Synchrony Influence the Transition from Normal to Abnormal Functioning.

从易怒到受损：执行功能的神经发育和亲子神经同步如何影响从正常功能到异常功能的转变。

• 批准号: 8950905
• 负责人: Susan B Perlman
• 金额: $ 40.16万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-15 至 2020-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8950905
• 关键词: 4 year old; Acceleration; Age; Base of the Brain; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Biological Markers; Brain; Child; Child Rearing; Chronic; Clinical; Communities; Data; Data Collection; Development; Dimensions; Disease; Environment; Exhibits; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Growth; Image; Imaging Techniques; Impairment; Individual; Investigation; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lateral; Link; Longevity; Measures; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Methodology; Movement; Near-Infrared Spectroscopy; Neurocognitive; Nursery Schools; Outcome; Painless; Parents; Parietal; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Persons; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Preschool Child; Process; Psychopathology; Public Health; Recruitment Activity; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Research Design; Risk Factors; Sampling; School-Age Population; Signal Transduction; Specificity; Symptoms; Temperament; Testing; Therapeutic Intervention; Variant; base; clinical predictors; deviant; early childhood; early onset; executive function; follow-up; innovation; member; neural circuit; neurodevelopment; neuroimaging; novel; optical imaging; parental role; programs; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; social; theories

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this application is to launch an innovative, multi-modal neuroimaging program that will investigate the longitudinal trajectory of the neurodevelopment of irritability across the preschool period. Irritability exists on a dimension in every member of the population, however, it is also a significant mental health concern that is present in nearly every form of psychopathology and spans the internalizing/externalizing gap. Differentiating clinically salient irritability from developmentally-normative temperamental variation has proven to be a difficult task. This is made even more challenging during the preschool period, when irritability has hit its normative peak and measuring neurodevelopment is impeded by methodological constraints. This state-of-the-art program of research will 1) identify specific biomarkers underlying preschool vulnerability for psychopathology by examining neural maturation in executive function as a predictor for clinical outcome and 2) examine how the parenting environment moderates this vulnerability, with the overarching objective of identifying aberrant from normative irritable trajectories as the foundation for future brain-based behavioral intervention. Our transdisciplinary research team will recruit a sample of 150 4 year-old children, enriched for high irritability to participate in a longitudinal project. At age 4, an again at age 5, the neural underpinnings of executive function will be assessed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), an optical imaging technique that is painless, non-restrictive, and reliably employed in neuroimaging studies of the prefrontal cortex in preschool children. At the transition to school-age (age 6), where a 50% rate of psychopathological symptoms have been reported in irritable children, a third fNIRS assessment will occur along with simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to probe frontal-cortical connectivity. Well- validated and child-friendly experimental paradigms will be employed. At age 4, we will also introduce dual- person fNIRS imaging to a standardized developmentally-based laboratory interaction task in order to investigate parent-child neural synchrony, a measure of the correlation between signals of brain activity of interacting individuals. Primary analyses will 1) probe the slope of increase in prefrontal activation underlying executive function as a predictor of clinical outcome and 2) examine parent-child neural synchrony as a predictor of executive function maturation and as a moderator of clinical outcome in highly irritable children. An ambitious program of longitudinal, multi-modal neuroimaging, combined with innovative and developmentally-sensitive behavioral data collection, has the potential to identify patterns of disruption in neural processes underlying executive function so that targeted therapeutic interventions, aimed at both the child individually, and the child and parent in an interactive context, can be developed to reestablish a normative developmental trajectory.

 描述（由申请人提供）：本申请的目标是启动一项创新的多模式神经影像项目，该项目将研究学龄前时期烦躁性神经发育的纵向轨迹。 然而，这也是一个重要的心理健康问题，几乎存在于所有形式的精神病理学中，并且跨越了内化/外化的差距。区分临床上显着的烦躁与发育正常的气质变化已被证明是一项艰巨的任务。这在学龄前时期变得更具挑战性，因为此时烦躁已达到正常峰值，并且测量神经发育受到方法学限制的阻碍。 1) 通过执行功能中的神经成熟度作为临床结果的预测因子，确定学龄前脆弱性背后的特定心理生物标志物进行病理学检查；2) 研究养育环境如何调节这种脆弱性，以识别与规范性烦躁轨迹的异常为基础为未来的脑基 我们的跨学科研究团队将招募 150 名 4 岁儿童作为样本，这些儿童在 4 岁时和 5 岁时都患有高度易怒症，将使用这些方法来评估执行功能的神经基础。功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS）是一种无痛、无限制且可靠地应用于学龄前儿童前额皮质神经成像研究的光学成像技术。到学龄期（6 岁），据报告，易激惹儿童出现精神病理症状的比例为 50%，第三次 fNIRS 评估将与同步功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 一起进行，以探测经过充分验证的额叶皮质连接。在 4 岁时，我们还将采用适合儿童的实验范式，将双人 fNIRS 成像引入标准化的基于发育的实验室交互任务，以研究亲子神经同步性，这是一种相关性测量。交互个体的大脑活动信号之间的初步分析将。 1）探索执行功能基础前额叶激活增加的斜率作为临床结果的预测因子，2）检查亲子神经同步作为执行功能成熟的预测因子和高度易怒儿童的临床结果的调节剂这是一个雄心勃勃的计划。纵向、多模式神经影像学，结合创新和发育敏感的行为数据收集，有可能识别执行功能背后的神经过程的破坏模式，以便针对儿童个体以及儿童和儿童进行有针对性的治疗干预。父母在可以开发互动环境来重建规范的发展轨迹。