Bilingualism as a cognitive reserve factor: the behavioral and neural underpinnings of cognitive control in bilingual patients with aphasia

双语作为认知储备因素：双语失语症患者认知控制的行为和神经基础

• 批准号: 10824767
• 负责人: Erin Carpenter
• 金额: $ 3.73万
• 依托单位: BOSTON UNIVERSITY (CHARLES RIVER CAMPUS)
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-01-01 至 2025-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10824767
• 关键词: Aging; Aphasia; Back; Behavioral; Brain Injuries; Clinical; Cognitive; Compensation; Control Groups; Dementia; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiology (science); Environment; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Hemoglobin; Individual; Investigation; Language; Linguistics; Literature; Measures; Modality; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Participant; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Play; Population; Process; Production; Reaction Time; Research; Resources; Role; Specificity; Stimulus; Supination; Task Performances; Traction; Translating; Update; Validity of Results; Veins; Work; behavioral response; bilingualism; cognitive ability; cognitive control; cognitive enhancement; cognitive reserve; cognitive task; design; executive function; experience; experimental group; functional near infrared spectroscopy; hemodynamics; imaging modality; interest; language processing; neural; neuromechanism; neuropathology; neurophysiology; non-verbal; post stroke; protective factors; recruit; response; spatiotemporal; theories; young adult

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT In the field of bilingualism there has been a recent shift towards investigating how the lifelong act of managing two languages may benefit bilingual individuals in aging1 and in the face of clinical neuropathology.2- 4 This vein of research is motivated by the idea that managing two or more languages requires engagement of various control processes5,6 potentially leading to more efficient execution of domain-general cognitive control, which in turn contributes to greater cognitive reserve. Determining the factors that contribute to a behavioral advantage for bilinguals as compared to monolinguals in the face of comparable clinical neuropathology requires careful consideration of the constructs being examined as well as the underlying neural activation associated with behavioral performance. Furthermore, a critical concern when examining executive functioning in particular surrounds the ecological validity of results. Using imaging modalities that allow for completing tasks in naturalistic environments (e.g., functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG)) as opposed to laying supine in a scanner (e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)) increases the ecological validity of results and allows for more robust interpretation and generalizability of results.7 Therefore, the goal of this study is to examine behavioral (accuracy and reaction time measures) and neural (fNIRS and EEG) responses across two patient (monolingual (MPWA) and bilingual (BPWA) patients with aphasia) and two healthy control (bilingual (BHC) and monolingual (MHC)) groups on cognitive control tasks, to disambiguate which components of executive functioning (e.g., shifting, inhibiting, and/or updating)8,9 are impacted by bilingualism and how this may translate to a cognitive reserve factor in aphasia. Aim 1: examines group differences in behavioral performance on three non-verbal cognitive control tasks between bilinguals and monolinguals across patient and healthy control groups. Aim 2: examines group differences in fNIRS hemodynamic response function (HRF) during non-verbal cognitive control tasks between bilinguals and monolinguals across patient and healthy control groups. Aim 3: examines group differences in EEG frequency band power during non-verbal cognitive control tasks between bilinguals and monolinguals across patient and healthy control groups. Results of this study will provide evidence of the impact of bilingualism on behavioral and neural performance and elucidate how bilingualism serves as a cognitive reserve factor in aphasia. The design of this study can be used as a framework for an ecologically valid investigation of the behavioral and neural dynamics underlying performance on cognitive tasks across bilinguals and monolinguals in neurotypical and clinical populations.

项目摘要/摘要 在双语的领域，最近已经转向调查终身行为 管理两种语言可能会使双语个人在老年人1和面对临床神经病理学中受益。2- 4这种研究的脉络是由管理两种或多种语言需要参与的想法的动机 各种控制过程5,6可能导致更有效地执行领域的认知控制， 反过来，这有助于更大的认知储备。确定导致行为的因素 面对类似的临床神经病理学，双语者的优势与单语言相比 需要仔细考虑正在检查的结构以及潜在的神经激活 与行为表现相关。此外，检查执行功能时的关键问题 特别是围绕结果的生态有效性。使用允许完成的成像方式 自然主义环境中的任务（例如功能性近红外光谱（FNIRS）和 脑电图（EEG）），而不是在扫描仪中放置仰卧 成像（fMRI））提高了结果的生态有效性，并允许更强大的解释和 结果的概括性7 因此，这项研究的目的是检查行为（准确性和反应时间指标）和 两名患者（单语（MPWA）和双语（BPWA）患者的神经（FNIRS和EEG）反应 失语症）和两个健康对照（双语（BHC）和单语（MHC））组在认知控制方面 任务，歧义哪些执行功能的组件（例如，换位，抑制和/或更新）8,9 受双语的影响以及这可能会转化为失语症的认知储备因素。目标1： 检查在三个非语言认知控制任务上的行为表现方面的群体差异 患者和健康对照组的双语者和单语言。 AIM 2：检查小组差异 在双语和双语之间的非语言认知控制任务中，FNIRS血液动力学反应函数（HRF） 跨患者和健康对照组的单语言。 AIM 3：检查脑电图频率的群体差异 双语者和单语言之间的非语言认知控制任务期间的带电在患者和单语之间 健康对照组。这项研究的结果将提供双语对行为的影响的证据 神经表现，并阐明双语如何成为失语症的认知储备因素。这 这项研究的设计可以用作对行为和行为上有效研究的框架 神经型神经型和单语言的认知任务的神经动力学表现的基础 和临床人群。