Poverty-Related Risk Factors for Auditory and Language Deficits in Children

儿童听觉和语言缺陷的贫困相关风险因素

• 批准号: 10815155
• 负责人: Susan Nittrouer
• 金额: $ 64.65万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-18 至 2028-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10815155
• 关键词: 8 year old; Acoustics; Address; Affect; Age; Auditory; Auditory system; Biological; Biological Factors; Birth Weight; Black race; Buffers; Categories; Child; Child Development; Child Rearing; Childhood; Chronic; Code; Complex; Cues; Development; Endogenous Factors; Exogenous Factors; Face; Friends; Gestational Age; Goals; Growth; Health; Human; Impairment; Incidence; Institutional Racism; Knowledge; Laboratories; Language; Language Delays; Language Development; Language Disorders; Learning; Linguistics; Measures; Medical; Methodology; Mind; Minor; Minority; Modeling; Mothers; Otitis Media with Effusion; Outcome; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Participant; Performance; Perinatal; Peripheral; Poverty; Premature Birth; Process; Recording of previous events; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Scientist; Severities; Signal Transduction; Societies; Socioeconomic Status; Source; Stress; Structural Racism; Structure; Testing; Time; War; Work; child poverty; deaf; effusion; experience; health care disparity; hearing impairment; innovation; lexical; novel; phonology; postnatal; premature; skills; social; social determinants; social factors; socioeconomics; supportive environment

Project Summary/Abstract Ever since Lyndon Johnson declared a War on Poverty in the 1960s, developmental scientists have been assessing the effects of poverty on child development, especially language acquisition. Ample evidence shows that some of the negative effect can be explained by social determinants: how parents talk to their children, parental stress, and parents’ knowledge of child development. But these factors fail to account for all, or even most of the language deficit seen in children of poverty. The goal of this project is to explore the hypothesis that poverty-driven biological determinants can explain previously unaccounted for variance in those deficits. Two novel mechanisms are proposed to account for additional variance in the language deficits of children of poverty: (1) Mothers and children in poverty face healthcare inequities that put these children at enhanced risk of delays in the development of auditory functions, beyond raised thresholds; (2) Deficits in suprathreshold auditory functions negatively impact language acquisition for children in poverty more than for children from middle-class backgrounds because optimal social factors buffer effects for the latter group. With these possibilities in mind, the overall goal of this current project is to explore the comprehensive hypothesis that being born into poverty imposes myriad risk factors for delayed development of language skills, arising from both social and biological determinants. The social determinants to be studied include: (1) impoverished parental language input; (2) enhanced parental stress; and (3) poorer parental knowledge of child development. The biological determinants include: (1) premature birth and (2) chronic otitis media with effusion (OME). The most innovative aspect of this work is that it will explore the hypothesis that prematurity and OME are responsible for delays in development of suprathreshold auditory processes critical to language acquisition. Children born into poverty are both more likely to experience these health problems and less likely to benefit from the mitigating effects of a highly supportive environment. This project seeks: (1) to measure the contributions of each of these sources of deficit by examining auditory (spectral and temporal processing) and language (lexical, morphosyntactic, and phonological) functioning in young children born with varying SES; (2) to expand our understanding of the connections from perinatal/postnatal health conditions to development of auditory functions to language learning; and (3) disentangle the effects of poverty and systemic racism on these barriers to language acquisition. These goals will be addressed with three Specific Aims. Aim #1 will quantify the direct effects of the social and biological determinants described above on language skills. Aims #2 and #3 will focus on the proposed biological determinants, assessing the effects of premature birth and OME on the emergence of spectral and temporal processing (Aim #2) and assessing the contributions of spectral and temporal processing to language acquisition across the socioeconomic continuum (Aim #3). Results will enhance our understanding of the root sources of language deficit for children in poverty, as well as for all children born too soon or experiencing OME.

项目摘要/摘要 自从1960年代林登·约翰逊（Lyndon Johnson）宣布贫困战争以来，发展中的科学家一直是 评估贫困对儿童发展的影响，尤其是语言获取。充分的证据表明 社会决定者可以解释一些负面影响：父母如何与孩子交谈， 父母的压力以及父母对儿童发展的了解。但是这些因素无法解决一切，甚至无法解决 在贫困儿童中看到的大多数语言防御。该项目的目的是探讨以下假设 贫困驱动的生物学决定者可以解释以前对这些缺陷的差异的不当。 提出了两种新颖的机制，以说明儿童的语言定义的额外差异 贫困：（1）贫困的母亲和儿童面临医疗保健不平等，使这些孩子处于增强的风险 超越阈值的听觉功能发展的延迟； （2）上市的赤字 听觉功能对贫困儿童的语言习得产生负面影响，而不是对 中产阶级背景是因为后来组的最佳社会因素缓冲效应。与这些 考虑到的可能性，这个当前项目的总体目标是探索一个全面的假设，即 出生于贫困中，可能会导致延迟语言技能发展的无数风险因素，这两种社会都会引起 和生物决策者。要研究的社会决定者包括：（1）贫困的父母语言 输入; （2）增强的父母压力； （3）父母对儿童发展的知识较差。生物学 确定包括：（1）早产和（2）带积液（OME）的慢性中耳炎。最具创新性的 这项工作的方面是，它将探讨以下假设：早产和OME负责延迟 跨股权听觉过程的开发对语言获取至关重要。出生于贫困的孩子 两者都更有可能遇到这些健康问题，而从中受益的可能性很小 一个高度支持的环境。该项目寻求：（1）衡量每个来源的贡献 通过检查听觉（频谱和临时处理）和语言（词汇，形态同步和语言，以及 语音）在患有不同SE的幼儿中发挥作用； （2）扩大我们对 从围产期/产后健康状况到开发听觉功能到语言学习的联系； （3）解除贫困和系统性种族主义对这些语言获取障碍的影响。这些 目标将以三个特定目标来解决。 AIM＃1将量化社会和生物学的直接影响 上面描述的关于语言技能的决定因素。目标＃2和＃3将重点放在拟议的生物学上 决定因素，评估早产和OME对光谱和临时性出现的影响 处理（AIM＃2）并评估光谱和临时处理对语言获取的贡献 跨社会经济连续性（AIM＃3）。结果将增强我们对根源的理解 为贫困儿童以及所有出生的儿童的语言防御或经历了OME。