Investigating SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics in jails to address the COVID-19 public health emergency

调查监狱中 SARS-CoV-2 的传播动态，以应对 COVID-19 公共卫生紧急情况

• 批准号: 10688288
• 负责人: Sara Nicole Levintow
• 金额: $ 13.51万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-22 至 2027-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10688288
• 关键词: 2019-nCoV; Address; Admission activity; Amplifiers; Area; Black, Indigenous, People of Color; COVID-19; COVID-19 morbidity; COVID-19 mortality; COVID-19 pandemic; COVID-19 prevention; COVID-19 severity; COVID-19 testing; Calibration; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Communicable Diseases; Communities; Complex; Computer Simulation; Confined Spaces; Coupled; Criminal Justice; Crowding; Data; Data Sources; Development; Disease; Disease Outbreaks; Epidemiologist; Epidemiology; Equipment; Failure; Future; General Population; Geographic Locations; Goals; HIV; Health; Hospitalization; Hot Spot; Hygiene; Immunization Programs; Imprisonment; Incidence; Infection; Institution; Intervention; Jail; Knowledge; Law Enforcement; Lead; Link; Literature; Medical; Mentored Research Scientist Development Award; Mentors; Mentorship; Methodology; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Movement; North Carolina; Outcome; Persons; Policies; Population; Population Sizes; Prevalence; Preventive; Prisons; Process; Reporting; Research; SARS-CoV-2 infection; SARS-CoV-2 transmission; Safety; Social Distance; System; Testing; Time; Training; United States; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services; University resources; Vaccines; Variant; Vulnerable Populations; Work; comorbidity; court; demographics; disease transmission; experience; improved; infectious disease model; mathematical analysis; mathematical model; mortality; population movement; prevent; public health emergency; racial health disparity; simulation; skills; therapy design; transmission process; vaccine hesitancy

ABSTRACT Throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, explosive transmission of infection has occurred in jails and prisons. The spillover of infection between jails, prisons, and surrounding communities is fueled by high churn of the incarcerated population and daily cycling of correctional staff between facility and community. Failure to control transmission in correctional settings has resulted in significant COVID-19 morbidity and mortality and contributed to continuing racial health disparities. Despite emerging evidence of disproportionate spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection arising from jails and prisons, few studies have examined transmission dynamics in correctional settings or evaluated interventions to reduce COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. The objective of this Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01) is to equip Dr. Levintow with essential training in criminal justice research and infectious disease modeling to investigate the dynamic processes that drive SARS-CoV-2 transmission and advance intervention efforts to prevent COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, focusing on jails in North Carolina (NC). Specifically, a K01 award will provide substantive knowledge of the criminal justice system and infectious diseases in that context (Training Aim 1), methodological expertise in mathematical modeling of infectious disease dynamics (Training Aim 2), and new skills in linking system-level policy and interventions to epidemiological outcomes (Training Aim 3). Leveraging this training, Dr. Levintow will apply new expertise about infectious diseases in the criminal justice system to assess the extent to which population movement, COVID-19 testing, and COVID-19 cases in NC jails are predicted by jail characteristics (Research Aim 1). Guided by intensive training in the development, calibration, and analysis of mathematical models, Dr. Levintow will estimate SARS-CoV-2 incidence in NC jails and corresponding excess infection relative to surrounding communities (Research Aim 2). With new knowledge of existing and proposed interventions in jails – coupled with new skills to rigorously assess their effects – Dr. Levintow will evaluate the impact of those interventions on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality (Research Aim 3). Study findings will inform prioritization of interventions with greatest impact for the highly vulnerable populations in NC jails and their surrounding communities across the state. This study will benefit from the institutional resources of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and will be guided by a mentoring team of leading experts with extensive experience examining infectious disease in the criminal justice system and conducting modeling analyses to inform interventions on spread of infection. This K01 award will provide both the training needed to accomplish the proposed research and the support necessary to launch Dr. Levintow's independence as an infectious disease epidemiologist, laying the groundwork for R01-level research expanded to the national level and to other infectious diseases with potential for explosive outbreaks in jails and prisons.

抽象的 在整个SARS-COV-2大流行中，监狱和监狱都发生了爆炸性的感染传播。 监狱，监狱和周围社区之间感染的杂物是由高高的搅动。 监禁人口和设施和社区之间纠正人员的每日骑自行车。无法控制 在纠正措施中的传播导致了显着的19009发病率和死亡率，并且 导致了持续的种族健康差异。尽管有不成比例的传播证据 SARS-COV-2感染是由监狱和监狱引起的，很少有研究检查了传播动态 矫正设置或评估干预措施，以降低19.19的发病率和死亡率。目的 这个受过指导的研究科学家发展奖（K01）是为Levintow博士提供基本培训 刑事司法研究和传染病建模，以调查动态过程 SARS-COV-2传播和提前干预措施，以防止COVID-19-19的发病率和死亡率， 专注于北卡罗来纳州（NC）的监狱。具体而言，K01奖将提供有关该奖项的实质性知识 在这种情况下 传染病动力学的数学建模（培训目标2）以及链接系统级别的新技能 流行病学成果的政策和干预措施（培训目标3）。利文托博士利用这项培训 将应用有关刑事司法系统中传染病的新专业知识，以评估 北卡罗来纳州监狱中的人口移动，COVID-19测试和COVID-19案件由监狱特征预测 （研究目的1）。以对数学的开发，校准和分析进行深入培训的指导 Levintow博士将估计NC监狱中的SARS-COV-2事件，并相应超过感染 相对于周围社区（研究目标2）。有了对现有和建议的新知识 监狱的干预措施 - 再加上新技能以严格评估其影响 - Levintow博士将评估 这些干预措施对Covid-19的发病率和死亡率的影响（研究目的3）。研究结果将告知 优先考虑对北卡罗来纳州监狱中高度脆弱人群的干预措施的优先措施 周围的全州社区。这项研究将受益于 北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校，将由一支心理专家团队指导 在刑事司法系统中检查传染病并进行建模的丰富经验 分析以告知有关感染传播的干预措施。该K01奖将提供所需的培训 完成拟议的研究和启动列文托博士独立所必需的支持 传染病流行病学家，为R01级研究奠定基础，扩展到国家一级 以及其他传染病，有可能在监狱和监狱中爆炸性爆发。