Investigating SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics in jails to address the COVID-19 public health emergency

调查监狱中 SARS-CoV-2 的传播动态，以应对 COVID-19 公共卫生紧急情况

基本信息

批准号：
10506044
负责人：
Sara Nicole Levintow
金额：
$ 13.51万
依托单位：
UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-08-22 至 2027-07-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10506044
关键词：
2019-nCoV Address Admission activity Amplifiers Area Black, Indigenous, People of Color COVID-19 COVID-19 morbidity COVID-19 mortality COVID-19 pandemic COVID-19 prevention COVID-19 severity COVID-19 testing Calibration Cessation of life Characteristics Communicable Diseases Communities Complex Computer Simulation Confined Spaces Coupled Criminal Justice Crowding Data Data Sources Development Disease Disease Outbreaks Epidemiologist Epidemiology Equipment Failure Future General Population Geographic Locations Goals HIV Health Hospitalization Hot Spot Hygiene Immunization Programs Imprisonment Incidence Infection Institutes Intervention Jail Knowledge Law Enforcement Lead Link Literature Medical Mentored Research Scientist Development Award Mentors Mentorship Methodology Modeling Morbidity - disease rate Movement North Carolina Outcome Persons Policies Population Population Sizes Prevalence Preventive Prisons Process Reporting Research Research Support SARS-CoV-2 infection SARS-CoV-2 transmission Safety Social Distance System Testing Time Training United States United States Dept. of Health and Human Services University resources Vaccines Variant Vulnerable Populations Work community based participatory research comorbidity court demographics disease transmission experience improved infectious disease model mathematical analysis mathematical model models and simulation mortality population movement prevent public health emergency racial health disparity skills therapy design transmission process vaccine hesitancy

项目摘要

ABSTRACT Throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, explosive transmission of infection has occurred in jails and prisons. The spillover of infection between jails, prisons, and surrounding communities is fueled by high churn of the incarcerated population and daily cycling of correctional staff between facility and community. Failure to control transmission in correctional settings has resulted in significant COVID-19 morbidity and mortality and contributed to continuing racial health disparities. Despite emerging evidence of disproportionate spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection arising from jails and prisons, few studies have examined transmission dynamics in correctional settings or evaluated interventions to reduce COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. The objective of this Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01) is to equip Dr. Levintow with essential training in criminal justice research and infectious disease modeling to investigate the dynamic processes that drive SARS-CoV-2 transmission and advance intervention efforts to prevent COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, focusing on jails in North Carolina (NC). Specifically, a K01 award will provide substantive knowledge of the criminal justice system and infectious diseases in that context (Training Aim 1), methodological expertise in mathematical modeling of infectious disease dynamics (Training Aim 2), and new skills in linking system-level policy and interventions to epidemiological outcomes (Training Aim 3). Leveraging this training, Dr. Levintow will apply new expertise about infectious diseases in the criminal justice system to assess the extent to which population movement, COVID-19 testing, and COVID-19 cases in NC jails are predicted by jail characteristics (Research Aim 1). Guided by intensive training in the development, calibration, and analysis of mathematical models, Dr. Levintow will estimate SARS-CoV-2 incidence in NC jails and corresponding excess infection relative to surrounding communities (Research Aim 2). With new knowledge of existing and proposed interventions in jails – coupled with new skills to rigorously assess their effects – Dr. Levintow will evaluate the impact of those interventions on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality (Research Aim 3). Study findings will inform prioritization of interventions with greatest impact for the highly vulnerable populations in NC jails and their surrounding communities across the state. This study will benefit from the institutional resources of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and will be guided by a mentoring team of leading experts with extensive experience examining infectious disease in the criminal justice system and conducting modeling analyses to inform interventions on spread of infection. This K01 award will provide both the training needed to accomplish the proposed research and the support necessary to launch Dr. Levintow's independence as an infectious disease epidemiologist, laying the groundwork for R01-level research expanded to the national level and to other infectious diseases with potential for explosive outbreaks in jails and prisons.

抽象的在 SARS-CoV-2 大流行期间，监狱和监狱中发生了爆炸性感染传播。监狱、监狱和周边社区之间的感染蔓延是由于人员流动率高而加剧的。被监禁人口以及惩教人员在设施和社区之间的日常循环未能控制。惩教机构中的传播已导致 COVID-19 发病率和死亡率显着增加，尽管有新的证据表明种族传播不成比例，但仍造成了持续的种族健康差异。 SARS-CoV-2 感染源自看守所和监狱，但很少有研究考察监狱中的传播动态惩教环境或评估干预措施以降低 COVID-19 发病率和死亡率。该导师研究科学家发展奖（K01）旨在为 Levintow 博士提供以下方面的基本培训：刑事司法研究和传染病模型，以调查驱动的动态过程 SARS-CoV-2 传播并推进干预措施以预防 COVID-19 发病率和死亡率，具体来说，K01 奖将重点关注北卡罗来纳州 (NC) 的监狱。刑事司法系统和这方面的传染病（培训目标 1）、方法学专业知识传染病动力学的数学建模（培训目标 2），以及连接系统级的新技能 Levintow 博士利用本次培训来制定流行病学结果的政策和干预措施（培训目标 3）。将在刑事司法系统中应用有关传染病的新专业知识来评估根据监狱特征预测北卡罗来纳州监狱中的人口流动、COVID-19 检测和 COVID-19 病例（研究目标 1）以数学开发、校准和分析方面的强化培训为指导。 Levintow 博士将估计北卡罗来纳州监狱中的 SARS-CoV-2 发病率以及相应的过度感染相对于周围社区（研究目标 2）。监狱中的干预措施——加上严格评估其效果的新技能——莱文托博士将评估这些干预措施对 COVID-19 发病率和死亡率的影响（研究目标 3）。优先考虑对北卡罗来纳州监狱及其监狱中的高度弱势群体影响最大的干预措施这项研究将受益于全州周边社区的机构资源。北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校将由顶尖专家组成的指导团队提供指导在刑事司法系统中检查传染病和进行建模的丰富经验为感染传播干预措施提供信息的分析。该 K01 奖项将提供所需的培训。完成拟议的研究和必要的支持，以启动莱文托博士的独立性传染病流行病学家，为R01级研究扩展到国家级奠定基础以及其他有可能在监狱和监狱中爆发性爆发的传染病。