The Role of Oogenesis in Speciation

卵子发生在物种形成中的作用

• 批准号: 10686389
• 负责人: Laurie Sherie Stevison
• 金额: $ 37.43万
• 依托单位: AUBURN UNIVERSITY AT AUBURN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-18 至 2027-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10686389
• 关键词: Area; Biodiversity; Biology; Chromatin; Coupled; DNA Repair; DNA Transposable Elements; Data; Developmental Process; Drosophila genus; Environment; Environmental Health; Gametogenesis; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Regulation; Genetic; Genetic Drift; Genetic Recombination; Genetic Variation; Hybrids; Individual; Infertility; Infertility study; Investigation; Link; Measures; Meiotic Recombination; Molecular Conformation; Molecular Target; Nucleotides; Oogenesis; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Phenotype; Planet Earth; Process; Public Health; Recurrence; Reproduction; Reproductive Health; Research; Robot; Role; Source; Spontaneous abortion; Stress; Transcriptional Silencer Elements; Variant; Work; biological adaptation to stress; fitness; genetic variant; innovation; male; mutant; novel; programs; reproductive; stressor

Project Summary All biodiversity on earth is generated through the process of speciation. While speciation research is focused on the origins of reproductive barriers between species, the results of this work will inform the study of infertility, an important reproductive health concern. Though gametogenesis is a logical developmental process to study in regard to reproductive isolation, nearly all research focuses on male gametogenesis, with little to no work on oogenesis. The proposed research hypothesizes that environmental stress hastens the accumulation of genetic divergence through its impact on oogenesis, drawing connections between reproductive and environmental health. For example, environmental stress has been shown to cause recurrent spontaneous abortion, making this work relevant to public health. There are four key outcomes of environmental stress on oogenesis – transposable elements, structural variants, meiotic recombination rates, and gene regulation – that have been shown to be important to the study of speciation. By increasing genetic differences, oogenesis facilitates speciation between species that are differentially exposed. This proposal focuses primarily on recombination, while taking an important step towards integrating other outcomes. Previous research has shown that recombination rates evolve more rapidly than nucleotide divergence. This coupled with evidence that recombination rates are environmentally sensitive, suggests that the environment could be a major driver of local adaptation through recombination. This proposal leverages the ease of experimental manipulation in fruit flies to study the link between environmental sensitivity of oogenesis, the accumulation of novel genetic variation, and subsequent species divergence. First, within species oogenesis will be compared to hybrids under control and stress conditions investigating gene expression, chromatin conformation, organismal measures of stress response, and recombination. By targeting molecular pathways associated with transposable element silencing and DNA repair, this work can indirectly inform the accumulation of these novel genetic variants, answering a key question in evolutionary biology regarding sources of intra- and inter- species variation. Second, because differences in hybrid oogenesis could be attributed to reproductive incompatibilities impacting fitness, this work will investigate the relationship between fitness and recombination plasticity directly with three unique experimental stress treatments. Mutant markers will be used to compare recombination, with the aid of a novel high-throughput phenotyping robot. Wild type stocks known to be either sensitive or tolerant to selected stressors will be targeted. A major innovation of this work will be to investigate organismal stress response directly to compare fitness across treatments. The data collected from these two questions will be critical in the broader investigation of mechanisms of recombination rate plasticity, which remains a mystery even after a century of research in this area. In five years, the proposed work will answer crucial questions in speciation, while also filling a major gap of the importance of oogenesis in speciation.

项目概要 地球上的所有生物多样性都是通过物种形成过程产生的，而物种形成研究的重点是。 关于物种间生殖障碍的起源，这项工作的结果将为以下研究提供信息 不孕症是一个重要的生殖健康问题，尽管配子发生是一个合乎逻辑的发育过程。 关于生殖隔离的研究，几乎所有研究都集中在雄性配子发生上，很少甚至没有 提出的研究突破是环境压力加速了卵子的积累。 通过对卵子发生的影响来研究遗传差异，建立生殖和生殖之间的联系 例如，环境压力已被证明会导致自发性复发。 环境压力对堕胎有四个主要影响。 卵子发生——转座元件、结构变异、减数分裂重组率和基因调控—— 已被证明对物种形成的研究很重要 通过增加遗传差异，卵子发生。 该提案主要关注不同暴露物种之间的物种形成。 重组，同时向整合先前的研究成果迈出了重要的一步。 表明重组率比核苷酸分歧发展得更快，这与证据相结合。 重组率对环境敏感，表明环境可能是一个主要驱动因素 该提案利用了实验操作的便利性。 果蝇研究卵子发生的环境敏感性与新基因积累之间的联系 首先，将物种内部的卵子发生与杂种进行比较。 在控制和应激条件下研究基因表达、染色质构象、生物学 通过针对与相关的分子途径来测量应激反应和重组。 转座元件沉默和DNA修复，这项工作可以间接告知这些小说的积累 遗传变异，回答了进化生物学中关于内部和外部的来源的一个关键问题 其次，因为杂交卵子发生的差异可能归因于生殖。 不相容性影响适应性，这项工作将研究适应性和重组之间的关系 将使用三种独特的实验应力处理直接对可塑性进行比较。 重组，借助一种新颖的高通量表型机器人。 这项工作的一个主要创新将是对选定的压力源敏感或耐受的人群进行调查。 生物应激反应直接比较从这两种治疗中收集的数据。 问题对于重组率可塑性机制的更广泛研究至关重要，这 即使在这一领域进行了一个世纪的研究之后，仍然是一个谜。五年后，拟议的工作将给出答案。 物种形成中的关键问题，同时也填补了卵子发生在物种形成中的重要性的一个重大空白。