Neural Correlates of Negative Reinforcement in Adolescence & Substance Use Risk

青春期负强化的神经相关性

基本信息

批准号：
8856190
负责人：
MICHAEL J CROWLEY
金额：
$ 16.47万
依托单位：
YALE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-07-15 至 2016-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8856190
关键词：
Addictive Behavior Address Adolescence Adolescent Adolescent Development Adult Affect Alcohol or Other Drugs use Amygdaloid structure Anterior Area Award Behavior Behavioral Behavioral Paradigm Biological Assay Child Corpus striatum structure Data Analyses Development Emotions Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Goals Hormonal Hydrocortisone Incentives Incidence Informal Social Control Insula of Reil Intervention Knowledge Laboratories Maintenance Medial Mentored Research Scientist Development Award Mentors Motivation Negative Reinforcements Negative Reinforcer Neurobiology Noise Nucleus Accumbens Participant Patient Self-Report Prefrontal Cortex Prevalence Process Public Health Research Rewards Risk Risk Behaviors Risk-Taking Role Sampling Scientist Self Medication Staging Statistical Methods Stress and Coping System Time Training Ventral Striatum Work addiction adolescent substance use age related anxiety sensitivity avoidance behavior base biopsychosocial career cognitive neuroscience coping critical period frontal lobe high risk high risk behavior knowledge base learned behavior neural circuit neural correlate neurodevelopment neuroimaging programs reinforcer relating to nervous system response skills sound theories young adult

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This K01 application seeks support essential to my development as an independent interdisciplinary scientist. I am building a program of biopsychosocial research on self-regulation; particularly affect reduction and negative reinforcement (NR) as they relate to the development of substance use in adolescence. I have employed behavioral, electrophysiological, and hormonal assays (cortisol) to study risk-taking behavior. However, to fully understand avoidance and negative reinforcement processes, and their role in the risk for addictive behavior, I must deepen my understanding and broaden my technical skills in four core areas (a) developmental neuroimaging; (b) cognitive neuroscience; (c) substance use research; (d) statistical methods. This mentored scientist development award will provide me with the training to move onto an independent research career. While adolescence is a developmental period with increased risk-taking behavior and increased affect reduction motivation, we know relatively little about how the neural correlates of negative reinforcement processes relate to affect reduction motives and substance use behaviors. I address these gaps in our knowledge with three specific aims across two cross-sectional fMRI studies. I propose to study the neural and behavioral correlates of negative reinforcement for avoidance with two types of aversive stimulation (e.g., avoidance of incentive loss and avoidance of aversive sound) across two fMRI-friendly behavioral paradigms. The first study (n=48) will characterize the neural circuitry underlying negative reinforcement processes and behavior among children (8-11 yrs.), adolescents (13-17 yrs.), and adults (23-29 yrs.) The second study will examine the negative reinforcement-related neural correlates of affect reduction motives (negative affect, anxiety sensitivity) and substance use behaviors in a high-risk sample (14-18 yrs., n=70).

描述（由申请人提供）：此 K01 申请寻求对我作为独立跨学科科学家的发展至关重要的支持。我正在建立一个关于自我调节的生物心理社会研究项目；尤其影响减少和负强化（NR），因为它们与青春期物质使用的发展有关。我采用行为、电生理和激素测定（皮质醇）来研究冒险行为。然而，为了充分理解回避和负强化过程，以及它们在成瘾行为风险中的作用，我必须在四个核心领域加深理解并拓宽我的技术技能（a）发育神经影像学； (b) 认知神经科学； (c) 物质使用研究； (d) 统计方法。这个受指导的科学家发展奖将为我提供进入独立研究生涯的培训。虽然青春期是一个冒险行为增加、情感减少动机增加的发展时期，但我们对负强化过程的神经关联如何与情感减少动机和物质使用行为相关的了解相对较少。我通过两项横断面功能磁共振成像研究的三个具体目标来解决我们知识中的这些差距。我建议研究两种 fMRI 友好的行为范式中避免两种类型的厌恶刺激（例如，避免激励损失和避免厌恶声音）的负强化的神经和行为相关性。第一项研究 (n=48) 将描述儿童（8-11 岁）、青少年（13-17 岁）和成人（23-29 岁）中负强化过程和行为背后的神经回路特征。将检查高风险样本（14-18 岁，n=70）中情绪减少动机（负面情绪、焦虑敏感性）和物质使用行为的负强化相关神经相关性。