Drinking and Driving Among Recent Latino Immigrants

最近拉丁裔移民的酒后驾驶

• 批准号: 8636799
• 负责人: Mario R De La Rosa
• 金额: $ 19.34万
• 依托单位: PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-02-05 至 2016-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8636799
• 关键词: 21 year old; Accounting; Acculturation; Address; Adoption; Age; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; Americas; Attitude; Automobile Driving; Awareness; Behavior; Complex; Data; Driving While Intoxicated; Drug Kinetics; Drug usage; Environment; Evaluation; Event; Family; Female; Florida; Foundations; Future; Gender; Group Identifications; Heterogeneity; Illicit Drugs; Immigrant; Immigration; Latino; Laws; Legal; Light; Longitudinal Studies; Motor Vehicles; One-Step dentin bonding system; Outcome Measure; Participant; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Play; Policies; Prevalence; Prevention program; Reporting; Research; Risk; Risk-Taking; Role; Running; Seat Belts; Shapes; Socioeconomic Status; Speed; Stress; Subgroup; Surveys; Target Populations; Translating; alcohol effect; base; cohesion; demographics; design; drinking; driving behavior; drugged driving; experience; impaired driving performance; male; public health relevance; risk perception; social capital; stem; success; trafficking

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Latinos have been consistently overinvolved in alcohol-related motor-vehicle fatal crashes. The evidence suggests that although Latinos do not drink and drive more often than their White counterparts, they nevertheless appear to be overinvolved in DWI arrests and alcohol-related fatal crashes. Of particular relevance is the role that immigration plays in shaping the prevalence of Latinos in DWI events. Some authors have argued that immigrants, particularly recent immigrants, are less likely to recognize the impairing effects of alcohol and to understand the legal environment and consequences of drinking and driving. Other authors have argued that undocumented immigrants, in their attempts to remain "under the radar," are actually some of the safest drivers in America. How do Latinos in general and recent immigrants in particular perceive the risks of driving impaired (crash involvement and being arrested) and how such risk perception translates into actual drinking and driving, as well as into the adoption of specific countermeasures such as the designated driver (DD) concept is unclear. Such a lack of understanding stems from the complexities involved in performing research on Latinos, recent immigrants in particular. Difficulties in accessing that group (especially in undocumented), obtaining pre- immigration information are two of the many factors that have delayed research on this group. This proposed study will take advantage of a 5-year longitudinal study that has been collecting data on pre- and post- immigration factors that influence the alcohol and illicit drug use behaviors of recent male and female Latino immigrants to Florida, to acquire the much-needed information about their drinking-driving behaviors. The broad aim of this exploratory effort is to acquire much-needed information about the extent of the drinking- and-driving problem among recent Latino immigrants to Florida (if any), both legal and undocumented. Specifically, this study proposes: 1) To examine current (post-immigration) prevalence of drinking and driving, associated risk perceptions (risk of crash involvement, risk of being arrested), the understanding of drinking-and-driving laws, and the awareness and implementation of the DD concept among recent Latino immigrants to Florida. 2) To examine the likelihood that recent Latino immigrants to Florida will be involved in an alcohol-related impaired driving, as it is influenced by pre- and post-immigration factors and risk perceptions. 3) To estimate the prevalence of drugged-driving among recent Latino immigrants to Florida. The information to be acquired not only will be relevant per se, but also will be crucial to guide further research efforts.

描述（由申请人提供）：拉丁美洲人一直过度参与与酒精相关的致命车祸。有证据表明，尽管拉丁裔酒后驾车的频率并不比白人高，但他们似乎过度参与酒后驾车逮捕和与酒精相关的致命车祸。特别重要的是移民在影响醉酒驾驶事件中拉丁裔的流行率方面所发挥的作用。一些作者认为，移民，尤其是新移民，不太可能认识到酒精的损害作用，也不太可能了解酒后驾驶的法律环境和后果。其他作者认为，无证移民试图保持“在雷达之下”，实际上是美国最安全的司机之一。一般拉丁裔和新移民如何看待驾驶障碍的风险（涉及碰撞和被捕）以及这种风险认知如何转化为实际酒后驾驶，以及采取具体的对策，例如指定司机（ DD）概念不清楚。这种缺乏理解源于对拉丁裔（尤其是新移民）进行研究的复杂性。接触该群体的困难（尤其是无证群体）、获取移民前信息是延迟对该群体的研究的众多因素中的两个。这项拟议的研究将利用一项为期 5 年的纵向研究，该研究一直在收集影响近期佛罗里达州男性和女性拉丁裔移民的酒精和非法药物使用行为的移民前和移民后因素的数据，以获得更多信息。需要有关他们酒后驾驶行为的信息。这项探索性工作的总体目标是获取急需的信息，了解最近来到佛罗里达州的拉丁裔移民（如果有的话）的酒后驾驶问题的严重程度，无论是合法的还是无证的。具体来说，本研究建议： 1) 调查当前（移民后）酒后驾驶的流行情况以及相关风险认知（涉及撞车的风险、 被捕）、对酒后驾驶法律的理解，以及最近佛罗里达州拉丁裔移民对 DD 概念的认识和实施。 2) 研究最近来到佛罗里达州的拉丁裔移民参与与酒精相关的酒后驾车的可能性，因为它受到移民前后因素以及风险认知的影响。 3） 估计最近来到佛罗里达州的拉丁裔移民中吸毒驾驶的流行率。要获取的信息不仅本身具有相关性，而且对于指导进一步的研究工作也至关重要。