Effect of drinking water treatment on bacterial strain sharing among Kenyan children

饮用水处理对肯尼亚儿童细菌菌株共享的影响

基本信息

批准号：
10629375
负责人：
Ashlee Miriam Earl
金额：
$ 15.66万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-06-01 至 2024-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10629375
关键词：
Advocate Animals Antibiotics Characteristics Child Child Health Circulation Communities DNA sequencing Data Diarrhea Environmental Exposure Exposure to Future Health Household Infrastructure Intervention Kenya Knowledge Low income Ownership Pathogenicity Pathway interactions Pattern Policy Maker Population Density Prevalence Public Health Randomized Randomized, Controlled Trials Reporting Research Research Personnel Resource-limited setting Rural Rural Community Sampling Sanitation School-Age Population Siblings Site Taxonomy Urban Community Water burden of illness chlorination community burden community transmission computational suite computerized tools design diarrheal disease drinking drinking water enteric infection enteric pathogen environmental intervention gut microbiota implementation strategy innovation insight intervention delivery knowledge translation metagenomic sequencing novel pathogenic bacteria programs public health intervention rural residence rural setting socioeconomics stool sample study population therapy design tool transmission process treatment effect urban setting water treatment

项目摘要

SUMMARY In communities with high rates of diarrhea and enteric infections, the spatial scale of bacterial strain sharing in young children has not been well studied. Yet, understanding these transmission patterns is critical knowledge for selecting and implementing interventions to protect child health in resource-constrained environments. Water treatment interventions are often targeted at the household level, yet recent large-scale trials of household-level interventions have not consistently shown reductions in child diarrhea prevalence. One explanation is that household-level drinking water interventions fail to disrupt community transmission pathways, resulting in continued child exposure to bacterial pathogens. Here, we will investigate strain sharing between child pairs at multiple spatial scales, including within households and between households across urban and rural settings. We will leverage previously collected (by our team) fecal samples from 240 sets of siblings (n=480 children), including siblings from 120 urban households and 120 rural households. In both urban and rural study sites, we will have the unique opportunity to sample from equal numbers of households from villages with and without access to community-wide drinking water chlorination. We will 1) compare the scale of bacterial strain sharing in rural versus urban communities in Kenya; and 2) evaluate the effect of access to community-wide chlorination on bacterial strain sharing in both urban and rural communities. Our study population will also allow us to investigate if bacterial strain sharing patterns and community-wide water treatment effects differ for younger versus older school-aged children. We will use short-read metagenomic sequencing and a new innovative suite of computational bacterial strain tracking tools developed by our team to achieve these aims. Our findings will inform the scope and scale at which future drinking water and other environmental interventions should be implemented, and if the delivery of interventions designed to protect young children from exposure to bacterial pathogens should be different for rural versus urban communities.

概括在腹泻和肠道感染率高的社区中，细菌菌株共享的空间尺度幼儿研究还没有得到很好的研究。但是，了解这些传输模式是关键知识用于选择和实施干预措施，以保护资源受限环境中的儿童健康。水处理干预措施通常针对家庭一级，但最近的大规模试验家庭水平的干预措施并未始终显示出儿童腹泻患病率的降低。一解释是家庭级饮用水干预措施未能破坏社区传播途径，导致儿童继续暴露于细菌病原体。在这里，我们将调查应变共享在多个空间尺度的儿童对之间，包括家庭内部和跨家庭之间城市和农村环境。我们将利用先前收集的（由我们的团队）从240组中收集的粪便样本兄弟姐妹（n = 480名儿童），包括来自120个城市家庭和120个农村家庭的兄弟姐妹。在这两个中城市和农村研究网站，我们将有独特的机会从相等数量的家庭中进行采样从有或没有进入社区范围内饮用水氯化的村庄。我们将1）比较肯尼亚的农村与城市社区的细菌菌株共享规模； 2）评估在城市和农村社区的细菌菌株共享方面获得社区范围的氯化。我们的研究人群还将使我们能够调查细菌菌株共享模式和范围内的水是否治疗效果与年轻的年龄较小的儿童不同。我们将使用短阅读的宏基因组我们团队开发的测序和新的计算细菌应变跟踪工具的创新套件实现这些目标。我们的发现将为未来的饮用水和其他的范围和规模提供信息应实施环境干预措施，如果旨在保护干预措施对于农村和城市社区而言，接触细菌病原体的幼儿应有所不同。