Assessing the Impact of Flavor Restrictions on Smoking and Vaping

评估口味限制对吸烟和电子烟的影响

• 批准号: 10666147
• 负责人: Abigail S. Friedman
• 金额: $ 48.29万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-14 至 2028-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10666147
• 关键词: Adolescent; Adoption; Adult; Affect; Area; Behavior; Border Crossings; Characteristics; Child; Cigar; Cigarette; Data; Data Set; Disparity; Effectiveness; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Ensure; Environment; Epidemic; Flavoring; Future; Geographic Factor; Health; Health behavior and outcomes; Individual; Laws; Legal system; Link; Measures; Menthol; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; National Health Interview Survey; Nicotine; Outcome; Output; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Policies; Policy Analysis; Policy Maker; Public Health; Quasi-experiment; Randomized; Regulation; Research; Research Design; Running; Rural; Sales; Smoking; Socioeconomic Status; Subgroup; Surveys; Taxes; Testing; Tobacco; Tobacco use; United States Food and Drug Administration; Urbanicity; Variant; Youth; cigarette smoking; cigarillos; combustible cigarette; design; electronic vape; innovation; low socioeconomic status; nicotine use; public policy on tobacco; response; rural counties; rural dwellers; tobacco flavor; tobacco products; tobacco regulation; vaping

PROJECT 3 Abstract In the US, at least six states and hundreds of localities have restricted or banned sales of flavored electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in order to reduce youth vaping. Yet the evidence on these policies’ effects on individual behavior is mixed, and some studies link them to increases in combustible cigarette use (“smoking”). Nationally generalizable estimates for such regulations’ effects on contemporaneous cigarette, cigar, and ENDS use—the three most popular tobacco/nicotine products in the US—are needed to clarify the policies’ immediate impacts and model longer run effects on these behaviors as well as related health outcomes and disparities. Thus, focusing on the Behavior and Impact Analysis scientific domains described in RFA-OD-22-004, we will apply quasi-experimental research designs—methods designed to produce causal estimates in the absence of randomized assignment—to nationally representative, restricted-use survey data on adults and adolescents as well as retail sales data, in order to clarify such flavor restrictions’ effects. Matching these datasets to data on state and local ENDS flavor restrictions, Aim 1 will estimate ENDS flavor restrictions’ effects on youth and adult smoking and vaping, with sensitivity checks testing whether effect estimates vary with policy attributes (e.g., retailer exemptions). To consider differential effects by urbanicity and socioeconomic status (SES), Aim 2 will then test whether responses to flavor restrictions vary across urban vs. rural jurisdictions; assess the extent to which this might be explained by geographic factors (e.g., proximity to jurisdictions that allow flavored ENDS sales) vs. differences in resident characteristics (e.g., SES); and, estimate implications for both urban-rural and SES disparities in smoking and vaping. As a federal flavor restriction’s impacts may differ across areas with distinct state and local tobacco control policies, Aim 3 will assess how flavor restrictions’ effects differ between localities with more vs. less restrictive tobacco control policy environments. Those results will be used to estimate implications for the effectiveness of a federal flavor ban, given observed variation in local policies. Finally, to further aid the Food and Drug Administration in evaluating new policies’ effects, Aim 4 will use retail sales data to provide rapid analyses of new federal flavor regulations’ relationships to tobacco/nicotine product sales (e.g., banning sales of menthol cigarettes or non- tobacco flavored cigars) and consider associations with sales of newer non-nicotine flavoring products, intended for use with cigarette, cigar, and/or ENDS, in order to understand if/how their availability modifies flavor laws’ effects. Thus, this research will clarify flavor restrictions’ effects on youth and adult rates of cigarette, cigar, and ENDS use, providing key parameters to inform our Center’s modeling of flavor restrictions’ long-term public health impacts, in order to aid CTP in assessing the impact of FDA flavor policies.

项目3摘要 在美国，至少六个州和数百个地区限制或禁止销售调味电子 尼古丁输送系统（末端），以减少青年烟。然而，这些政策影响的证据 关于个体行为的混合，一些研究将它们链接起来以增加混合香烟的使用 （“吸烟”）。国家对这种法规对当代香烟的影响的估计，可概括的估计， 雪茄和结束使用 - 美国需要澄清的三种最受欢迎​​的烟草/尼古丁产品 政策的直接影响和模型对这些行为以及相关健康的延长效果 结果和差异。这重点介绍了行为和影响分析中描述的科学领域 RFA-OD-22-004，我们将采用准实验研究设计 - 旨在生产催化的方法 在没有随机分配的情况下，估计值是国家代表性的，限制性的调查数据 为了阐明这种风味限制的影响，成人和青少年以及零售数据。 将这些数据集与州和本地目的的数据匹配，AIM 1将估计末端风味 限制对青年和成人吸烟和烟的影响，并通过灵敏度检查测试是否效应 估计因政策属性而异（例如零售商豁免）。考虑城市化和 社会经济地位（SES），AIM 2将测试对风味限制的反应是否在城市与城市之间有所不同。 粗糙的司法管辖区；评估可能通过地理因素来解释这一点的程度（例如 允许风味结束销售的司法管辖区）与居民特征的差异（例如SES）；和， 估计对吸烟和烟的城乡差异的影响。作为联邦风味 限制的影响可能在各个州和地方烟草控制政策的领域可能有所不同，AIM 3将 评估限制风味限制的效果如何在更大的限制性烟草控制的地方之间有所不同 政策环境。这些结果将用于估计对联邦风味有效性的影响 禁令，观察到当地政策的变化。最后，进一步帮助食品和药物管理局 评估新政策的效果，AIM 4将使用零售数据来快速分析新的联邦风味 法规与烟草/尼古丁产品销售的关系（例如，禁止心态卷烟或非 - 烟草调味雪茄），并考虑与较新的非纽约定调味产品的销售相关联， 旨在与香烟，雪茄和/或末端一起使用，以了解是否/如何可用性修饰符 风味法律的效果。这是这项研究将阐明风味限制对青年和成人率的影响 香烟，雪茄和最终使用，提供关键参数，以告知我们中心的风味限制建模 长期公共卫生的影响，以帮助CTP评估FDA风味政策的影响。