Sex Differences in E-Cigarette Flavor Sensory Perception As It Relates to Appeal and Reinforcing Efficacy Among Adult Smokers

电子烟口味感官知觉的性别差异与成年吸烟者的吸引力和增强功效有关

• 批准号: 10662556
• 负责人: Danielle R Davis
• 金额: $ 17.84万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-15 至 2027-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10662556
• 关键词: Abstinence; Adult; Age; Area; Behavior; Biological; Cigarette; Cigarette Smoker; Clinical Trials; Coupled; Cues; Data Analyses; Dependence; Double-Blind Method; Electronic cigarette; Esthesia; Excision; Fellowship; Female; Funding; Gender; Goals; Grant; Harm Reduction; Literature; Manuscripts; Menopause; Menthol; Mentors; Nicotine; Outcome; Participant; Perception; Pilot Projects; Play; Population; Preparation; Psychological reinforcement; Psychologist; Psychophysics; Public Health; Regulation; Research; Research Design; Research Project Grants; Research Training; Role; Schedule; Scientist; Secondary to; Sensory; Sex Differences; Smell Perception; Smoker; Smoking Behavior; Taste Perception; Techniques; Tobacco; Tobacco Industry; Tobacco use; Training; United States Food and Drug Administration; Woman; Work; abuse liability; addiction; behavioral economics; career; career development; combustible tobacco; design; electronic cigarette use; electronic liquid; experience; experimental study; irritation; male; meetings; nicotine exposure; nicotine replacement; nicotine use; reinforcer; reproductive; response; secondary analysis; sex; skills; smoking cessation; tobacco flavor; tobacco products; tobacco regulatory science; tobacco user; tool

Project Summary Female cigarette smokers have been shown to be more sensitive than males to non-nicotine sensory cues, which may explain lower rates of smoking cessation and lowered response to nicotine replacement therapies among females. Additionally, evidence suggests females have higher use of non-tobacco e-cigarette flavors and value flavor availability. This proposal seeks to elucidate how sex may influence the sensory perception of the popular e-cigarette flavor components, sweetness and cooling, and how this impacts appeal and reinforcing efficacy. We plan to examine sensory perception, appeal, reinforcing efficacy of three e-cigarette flavors (sweet flavor, cooling flavor, and unflavored) in an e-cigarette with moderate nicotine concentration when presented alone (Aim 1) and concurrently (Aim 2). We hypothesize that compared to an unflavored e- cigarette liquid, sweet and cooling flavor components will be generally rated as more appealing and reinforcing among both males and females, but females will have more pronounced differences in appeal and reinforcing efficacy of sweet and cooling flavors compared to the unflavored e-liquid (Aim 1). Additionally, we hypothesize that females compared to males will work harder and demonstrate greater abuse liability for flavored e-liquids in nicotine containing e-cigarettes when concurrently available with unflavored e-liquids in nicotine containing e-cigarettes (Aim 2). The outcomes of this project will provide new information about how the difference in response by sex to the non-nicotine sensory cues of flavor inform e-cigarette use and behavior. Regulatory efforts to restrict popular flavor components, like sweet and/or cooling flavors in e-cigarettes may have potentially a greater impact on female cigarette smokers than males on use of e-cigarettes as a potential harm reduction tool. Through expert mentoring, directed readings, formal coursework and seminars, direct experimental training, attendance at scientific meetings, manuscript and grant preparation, expertise to conduct the proposed research will be gained in the following areas: (1) chemosensory psychophysics as it relates to tobacco regulatory science, (2) sex-related research as it relates to tobacco regulatory science, and (3) advanced statistical training aimed at developing data analysis techniques to investigate sex differences & flavored tobacco product use. Taken together, this research project and training plan will provide an important framework for career development in tobacco regulatory science.

项目概要 女性吸烟者已被证明比男性对非尼古丁感官线索更敏感， 这可能解释了戒烟率较低和尼古丁替代疗法反应较低的原因 女性之间。此外，有证据表明女性更多地使用非烟草电子烟口味 并重视风味的可用性。该提案旨在阐明性如何影响感官知觉 流行的电子烟风味成分、甜味和清凉感，以及这如何影响吸引力和 强化功效。我们计划考察三种电子烟的感官知觉、吸引力、增强功效 中等尼古丁浓度的电子烟中的口味（甜味、清凉味和无味） 单独呈现（目标 1）和同时呈现（目标 2）。我们假设与无味的电子产品相比 卷烟液体、甜味和清凉风味成分通常会被评为更具吸引力和强化性 男性和女性之间都有差异，但女性在吸引力和强化方面的差异更为明显 与无味电子烟液相比，甜味和清凉口味的功效（目标 1）。此外，我们假设 与男性相比，女性会更加努力地工作，并且对调味电子液体表现出更大的滥用倾向 在含尼古丁的电子烟中与含尼古丁的无味电子液体同时使用 电子烟（目标 2）。该项目的成果将提供有关差异的新信息 性别对非尼古丁风味感官线索的反应影响着电子烟的使用和行为。监管 限制流行风味成分（例如电子烟中的甜味和/或清凉风味）的努力可能会产生影响 使用电子烟的潜在危害对女性吸烟者的影响可能比男性更大 缩减工具。 通过专家指导、定向阅读、正式课程和研讨会、直接实验培训， 出席科学会议、手稿和赠款准备、开展拟议项目的专业知识 将在以下领域开展研究：(1) 与烟草相关的化学感应心理物理学 监管科学，(2) 与烟草监管科学相关的性别相关研究，以及 (3) 先进的 统计培训旨在开发数据分析技术来调查性别差异和风味 烟草产品的使用。总而言之，该研究项目和培训计划将为 烟草监管科学职业发展框架。