Role of cell-type specific circuits in visual processing

细胞类型特定电路在视觉处理中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
8799987
负责人：
David C Lyon
金额：
$ 37.78万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2015-01-01 至 2018-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8799987
关键词：
Address Animals Automobile Driving Brain Cell physiology Complex Felis catus Genes Goals Halorhodopsins Injection of therapeutic agent Lasers Lateral Lateral Geniculate Body Left Link Mammals Maps Measures Mediating Monkeys Neurons Neurophysiology - biologic function Play Rabies virus Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)Role Running Series Signal Transduction Stimulus Structure Structure-Activity Relationship Techniques Testing Transgenic Mice Viral Viral Vector Vision Visual Visual Cortex Visual Fields area striata cell type excitatory neuron gain of function hippocampal pyramidal neuron improved in vivo inhibitory neuron innovation novel optical imaging optogenetics orientation selectivity promoter public health relevance receptive field research study response retinotopic selective expression superior colliculus Corpora quadrigemina tool visual process visual processing visual stimulus

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Specific cell types and their connectivity are a key determinant in neural function and selectivity. Primary visual cortex (V1) is one of the largest and most complex structures in the brain and several recent technological advances have enabled more detailed probing of cell type specific relationships to connectivity for a range of V1 cell functions, including orientation selectivity, aperture tuning, contrast response functions, an gain control. Nevertheless, technical limitations remain that have largely limited these studies to transgenic mice which lack more complex organization found in higher visual species like cat and monkey. We recently developed viral strategies for accessing specific cell types and specific circuits in non-transgenic species (Liu et al., 2013, Curr Biol) opening the door for unprecedented fine scale study of structure-function relationships in highly visual mammals. For this proposal we will apply these new strategies to enable optogenetic manipulation of specific cell types and circuits in cat V1, including superficial layer inhibitory neurons (Aim 1), long-ran lateral inputs to superficial inhibitory neurons (Aim 2), and layer 5 and 6 subcortical projection neurons that directly (or indirectly) interact with superficial layer neurons (Aim 3). Specific questions that we will address include whether and how orientation selectivity and surround suppression interact and are mediated by each of these circuits. These studies will represent the most direct in vivo assessment of inhibitory neurons and underlying intra- and inter-laminar circuitry of a large, highly visual mammal, advancing our understanding of how basic visual processes arise and depend on complex cortical structure.

描述（由申请人提供）：特定细胞类型及其连接性是神经功能和选择性的关键决定因素。初级视觉皮层 (V1) 是大脑中最大、最复杂的结构之一，最近的几项技术进步使得能够更详细地探测细胞类型特定关系与一系列 V1 的连接性细胞功能，包括方向选择性、孔径调谐、对比度响应功能、增益控制。然而，技术限制仍然存在，很大程度上限制了这些研究转基因小鼠缺乏在猫和猴子等视觉较高的物种中发现的更复杂的组织。我们最近开发了用于获取非转基因物种中特定细胞类型和特定电路的病毒策略（Liu et al., 2013, Curr Biol），为高度视觉哺乳动物的结构-功能关系的前所未有的精细研究打开了大门。对于本提案，我们将应用这些新策略来实现 Cat V1 中特定细胞类型和电路的光遗传学操作，包括浅层抑制神经元（目标 1）、浅层抑制神经元的长期横向输入（目标 2）和第 5 层6 个皮质下投射神经元，直接（或间接）与浅层神经元相互作用（目标 3）。我们将解决的具体问题包括方向选择性和周围抑制是否以及如何相互作用以及由每个电路介导。这些研究将代表对大型高度视觉哺乳动物的抑制性神经元和底层层内和层间电路的最直接的体内评估，增进我们对基本视觉过程如何产生和依赖于复杂皮质结构的理解。