CSRD Research Career Scientist Award Application

CSRD研究职业科学家奖申请

• 批准号: 10651661
• 负责人: MIEKE H. VERFAELLIE
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: VA BOSTON HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-10-01 至 2027-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10651661
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Aging; Amnesia; Autobiography; Award; Behavior; Behavioral; Binding; Blast Injuries; Characteristics; Chronic Phase; Clinical; Clinical assessments; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Compensation; Corpus striatum structure; Decision Making; Development; Disease; Elements; Encephalitis; Event; Food; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Funding; Future; Global Amnesias; Goals; Grant; Healthcare; Heterogeneity; Hippocampus; Human; Impairment; Individual; Injury; Intervention; Laboratories; Language; Learning; Lesion; Life; Maintenance; Measures; Medial; Memory; Memory Disorders; Memory impairment; Mental disorders; Mission; Morals; Neuropsychology; Outcome; Pathology; Patients; Performance; Play; Population; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Poverty; Process; Productivity; Quality of life; Race; Research; Rest; Retrieval; Rewards; Role; Scientist; Secondary to; Semantic memory; Semantics; Short-Term Memory; Stroke; Syndrome; System; Temporal Lobe; Thinking; Traumatic Brain Injury; Unconscious State; Update; Veins; Veterans; Work; associated symptom; base; behavioral outcome; career; cognitive control; cognitive function; cognitive neuroscience; comorbidity; discounting; experience; information processing; insight; language comprehension; language processing; mild traumatic brain injury; military veteran; nervous system disorder; neural; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; physical symptom; preference; psychiatric comorbidity; simulation; white matter

The aim of my research is (1) to elucidate the cognitive and neural bases of human memory, through a detailed characterization of the memory deficits seen in patients with medial temporal lobe (MTL) amnesia secondary to neurological disorders such as encephalitis, stroke, or anoxic injury and through neuroimaging studies of individuals with intact memory; and (2) to elucidate the clinical impact of memory disorders in a variety of syndromes in which memory is one of the presenting complaints. With regard to the first aim, prior findings from our laboratory have demonstrated that impairments in autobiographical memory are accompanied by parallel impairments in imagining hypothetical or future events. My current work builds on these findings and aims to elucidate how impairments in future thinking impact other aspects of cognition, including decision making and language processing. We have examined decisions pertaining to future outcomes as well as pertaining to outcomes in the present, and ongoing work aims to further characterize these deficits in domains as diverse as perceptual decisions, preferences about food, and moral decisions. Prior work has also focused on aspects of expressive language, and we now focus on aspects of language comprehension. In addition to characterizing the scope of these cognitive deficits, my work aims to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these impairments, focusing on the role of the hippocampus in relational processing, scene construction, and updating of information. In a variety of studies, we systematically vary demands on these processes and see how they impact the performance of amnesic patients. With regard to the second aim, my work has focused on OEF/OIF/OND Veterans, who often present with co- morbid traumatic brain injury (TBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Because my earlier work indicated that psychiatric co-morbidities play a major role in the cognitive and behavioral sequelae these individuals experience, my current work focuses specifically on the impact of PTSD-associated memory alterations on various aspects of cognition. Individuals with PTSD tend to retrieve memories that are overgeneral and are biased towards negative information. We postulate that these characteristics have critical ramifications for different aspects of future-oriented behavior and decision making in PTSD. The goals of this work are to document the scope of these alterations, to examine their underlying neural basis through the use of functional neuroimaging, and to establish the feasibility of optimizing future-oriented behavior through information processing manipulations that are known to influence future thinking in healthy individuals.

我的研究目的是（1）通过以下方式阐明人类记忆的认知和神经基础： 内侧颞叶 (MTL) 遗忘症患者记忆缺陷的详细特征 继发于神经系统疾病，如脑炎、中风或缺氧损伤，并通过神经影像学检查 对记忆完好的个体进行的研究； (2) 阐明记忆障碍对患者的临床影响 各种综合症，其中记忆力是主诉之一。 关于第一个目标，我们实验室先前的研究结果表明， 自传体记忆伴随着想象假设或未来事件的平行障碍。 我目前的工作建立在这些发现的基础上，旨在阐明未来思维中的缺陷如何影响其他人 认知方面，包括决策和语言处理。我们已经审查了决定 涉及未来的结果以及当前的结果，正在进行的工作旨在 进一步描述这些缺陷在感知决策、食物偏好等不同领域的特征 道德决定。之前的工作也集中在表达语言的各个方面，我们现在的重点是 语言理解方面。除了描述这些认知缺陷的范围之外，我的 这项工作旨在阐明这些损伤背后的机制，重点关注海马体的作用 关系处理、场景构建和信息更新。在各种研究中，我们 系统地改变对这些过程的要求，看看它们如何影响健忘症的表现 患者。 关于第二个目标，我的工作重点是 OEF/OIF/OND 退伍军人，他们经常与其他人一起出席会议。 病态创伤性脑损伤（TBI）和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）。因为我之前的作品 表明精神共病在认知和行为后遗症中发挥着重要作用 根据个人经验，我目前的工作特别关注 PTSD 相关记忆的影响 认知各方面的改变。患有创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 的人倾向于检索那些 过于笼统并且偏向负面信息。我们假设这些特征具有关键性 PTSD 中面向未来的行为和决策的不同方面的影响。本次活动的目标 工作是记录这些改变的范围，通过使用来检查它们潜在的神经基础 功能神经影像学，并通过以下方式建立优化面向未来的行为的可行性 已知会影响健康个体未来思维的信息处理操作。