Value-Based Decision-Making Following Medial Temporal Lobe Lesions

内侧颞叶病变后基于价值的决策

• 批准号: 9856883
• 负责人: MIEKE H. VERFAELLIE
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: VA BOSTON HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9856883
• 关键词: Anoxia; Brain region; Characteristics; Clinical; Clinical assessments; Cognition; Corpus striatum structure; Decision Making; Dementia; Development; Disease; Episodic memory; Food; Future; Imagination; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Intervention; Learning; Lesion; Light; Link; Medial; Mediating; Memory; Mental Depression; Morals; Nature; Neurologic; Outcome; Pathology; Patients; Performance; Population; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Process; Research; Rewards; Role; Schizophrenia; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Source; System; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Thinking; Update; base; cognitive process; episodic memory impairment; experience; flexibility; insight; neuroimaging; novel

Making optimal decisions depends on appreciation of the value of choices. An important source of information about the value of choices is prior experience: Positive experiences are more likely than negative ones to be selected again. Such value-based learning has long been considered the domain of trial-and-error incremental learning mediated by a cortico-striatal system. Recent evidence, however, suggests that in some conditions the medial temporal lobe (MTL), which mediates episodic memory, may also contribute to value-based learning. However, when and how the MTL contributes is poorly understood. In this proposal we put forth a novel way to conceptualize the role of the MTL in decision-making that exploits the known computational characteristics of that system. Specifically, MTL-mediated episodic memory representations are flexible and serve not only memory but also the representation of possible novel scenarios. We postulate that the representational flexibility afforded by the MTL is important for decision-making whenever value information needs to be integrated across distinct experiences. Such is the case when 1) value information needs to be updated as a result of shifting reward contingencies; 2) when value information is not directly available but is generalized across experiences; and 3) when value representations need to be constructed de novo. We systematically examine the performance of patients with MTL lesions in these three paradigmatic cases and test specific predictions about the conditions in which value-based learning and decision-making will be impaired. The studies comprising this proposal have the potential to deepen our understanding of the role of the MTL in higher-level cognition and to break down the stark boundaries commonly assumed between processes involved in episodic memory and decision-making. Further, it is anticipated that these studies will have important clinical implications for a range of neurological and psychiatric populations with MTL pathology. Understanding the scope and nature of MTL involvement in decision-making not only will shed light on the nature of decisional impairments in these populations but also will guide clinical assessment and theoretically informed interventions.

做出最佳决策取决于对选择价值的评估。重要的信息来源 关于选择价值的因素是先前的经验：积极的经历比消极的经历更有可能 再次选择。这种基于价值的学习长期以来一直被认为是试错增量的领域 学习由皮质纹状体系统介导。然而，最近的证据表明，在某些情况下 调节情景记忆的内侧颞叶（MTL）也可能有助于基于价值的学习。 然而，人们对 MTL 何时以及如何做出贡献知之甚少。 在本提案中，我们提出了一种新颖的方法来概念化 MTL 在决策中的作用，该方法利用 该系统的已知计算特征。具体来说，MTL介导的情景记忆 表征是灵活的，不仅可以服务于记忆，还可以表征可能的新场景。 我们假设 MTL 提供的代表性灵活性对于决策非常重要 每当价值信息需要跨不同的体验进行整合时。出现这种情况时，1) 由于奖励意外事件的变化，价值信息需要更新； 2）当值信息 不是直接可用的，而是通过经验进行概括的； 3）何时需要值表示 从头构建。我们系统地检查了 MTL 病变患者在这三个方面的表现 典型案例并测试关于基于价值的学习和学习的条件的具体预测 决策将受到损害。 包含该提案的研究有可能加深我们对 MTL 在 更高层次的认知并打破进程之间通常假设的鲜明界限 参与情景记忆和决策。此外，预计这些研究将 对具有 MTL 病理学的一系列神经和精神病人群具有重要的临床意义。 了解 MTL 参与决策的范围和性质不仅可以揭示 这些人群决策障碍的性质，但也将指导临床评估和理论上 知情干预。