Value-Based Decision-Making Following Medial Temporal Lobe Lesions

内侧颞叶病变后基于价值的决策

• 批准号: 9856883
• 负责人: MIEKE H. VERFAELLIE
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: VA BOSTON HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9856883
• 关键词: Anoxia; Brain region; Characteristics; Clinical; Clinical assessments; Cognition; Corpus striatum structure; Decision Making; Dementia; Development; Disease; Episodic memory; Food; Future; Imagination; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Intervention; Learning; Lesion; Light; Link; Medial; Mediating; Memory; Mental Depression; Morals; Nature; Neurologic; Outcome; Pathology; Patients; Performance; Population; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Process; Research; Rewards; Role; Schizophrenia; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Source; System; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Thinking; Update; base; cognitive process; episodic memory impairment; experience; flexibility; insight; neuroimaging; novel

Making optimal decisions depends on appreciation of the value of choices. An important source of information about the value of choices is prior experience: Positive experiences are more likely than negative ones to be selected again. Such value-based learning has long been considered the domain of trial-and-error incremental learning mediated by a cortico-striatal system. Recent evidence, however, suggests that in some conditions the medial temporal lobe (MTL), which mediates episodic memory, may also contribute to value-based learning. However, when and how the MTL contributes is poorly understood. In this proposal we put forth a novel way to conceptualize the role of the MTL in decision-making that exploits the known computational characteristics of that system. Specifically, MTL-mediated episodic memory representations are flexible and serve not only memory but also the representation of possible novel scenarios. We postulate that the representational flexibility afforded by the MTL is important for decision-making whenever value information needs to be integrated across distinct experiences. Such is the case when 1) value information needs to be updated as a result of shifting reward contingencies; 2) when value information is not directly available but is generalized across experiences; and 3) when value representations need to be constructed de novo. We systematically examine the performance of patients with MTL lesions in these three paradigmatic cases and test specific predictions about the conditions in which value-based learning and decision-making will be impaired. The studies comprising this proposal have the potential to deepen our understanding of the role of the MTL in higher-level cognition and to break down the stark boundaries commonly assumed between processes involved in episodic memory and decision-making. Further, it is anticipated that these studies will have important clinical implications for a range of neurological and psychiatric populations with MTL pathology. Understanding the scope and nature of MTL involvement in decision-making not only will shed light on the nature of decisional impairments in these populations but also will guide clinical assessment and theoretically informed interventions.

做出最佳决定取决于对选择价值的理解。重要的信息来源 关于选择的价值是先前的经验：积极的经验比消极的经验更有可能 再次选择。长期以来，这种基于价值的学习一直被认为是试验和错误增量的领域 学习由皮质 - 纹状体系统介导的。但是，最近的证据表明在某些情况下 介导情节记忆的内侧颞叶（MTL）也可能有助于基于价值的学习。 但是，MTL何时以及如何贡献的理解很少。 在此提案中，我们提出了一种新颖的方式来概念MTL在决策中的作用 该系统的已知计算特征。具体而言，MTL介导的情节记忆 表示不仅具有灵活性，不仅可以提供记忆力，还提供可能的新颖场景。 我们假设MTL提供的代表性灵活性对于决策很重要 每当需要在不同的体验中整合价值信息时。当1）是这种情况 由于奖励的转变，需要更新价值信息； 2）当价值信息 不是直接可用的，而是在经验中概括的； 3）当需要表示价值表示 从头构造。我们系统地检查了这三个患者MTL病变患者的性能 范式案例和测试有关基于价值学习和的条件的特定预测 决策将受到损害。 包括该提案的研究有可能加深我们对MTL在 更高级别的认知和分解过程之间通常假定的鲜明界限 参与情节记忆和决策。此外，预计这些研究将有 MTL病理学的一系列神经和精神病群的重要临床意义。 了解MTL参与决策的范围和性质，不仅会阐明 这些人群中决策障碍的性质，但也将指导临床评估和理论上 知情的干预措施。