Development of Coarse-to-Fine Spatial Processing throughout the Primary Visual System

整个初级视觉系统从粗到精的空间处理的发展

• 批准号: 10313293
• 负责人: Rolf J Skyberg
• 金额: $ 4.39万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-12-01 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10313293
• 关键词: Development; Coarse; Fine; Spatial; Processing

PROJECT SUMMARY The visual system encodes visual stimuli in a temporally dynamic fashion, where certain aspects of a stimulus are processed before others. A prime example of this trend is the spatial frequency (SF) tuning of individual neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1). These cells are initially tuned to prefer coarse stimuli of lower SF; however, throughout their brief responses their tuning profiles shift to preferring finer, high SF stimuli. This coarse-to-fine pattern of SF processing has been found in mice, cats, non-human primates and humans, suggesting it may be a fundamental property of spatial vision. Despite this, it is unclear whether this process develops postnatally in an experience-dependent fashion, like many other aspects of spatial vision. Furthermore, the neural circuits and mechanisms underlying coarse-to-fine SF processing are not well understood. To begin to understand the development of and neural circuitry behind coarse-to-fine SF processing, the investigator will study this temporally dynamic process throughout development of the mouse primary visual system. First, the investigator will characterize coarse-to-fine SF processing in V1 throughout early postnatal life and test the role of visual experience in driving this development. This will be done by using multichannel extracellular recordings in mice at key developmental ages as well as in dark-reared adult mice. Second, the extent to which coarse-to-fine SF processing is cortically derived will be determined by recording from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and superior colliculus (SC) of adult mice. The role of descending cortical feedback will also be tested by chemically silencing the cortex while recording from these subcortical structures. Finally, the investigator will assess why cortical circuits develop coarse-to-fine SF processing by determining if this temporally dynamic process enables the efficient coding of natural images. Collectively, these results will provide novel and important information regarding the postnatal development of coarse-to- fine SF processing throughout the primary visual pathway and will begin to unveil how this process relates to coding complex natural images. Moreover, the research plan described within will provide the applicant with the additional technical, conceptual, computational and scientific training needed to be a competitive, independent scientist. Finally, the proposed research will take place in a stimulating scientific environment with all the resources required to see this project to completion. This collaborative scientific community is strongly supportive of the proposed research and its success.

项目摘要 视觉系统以时间动态的方式编码视觉刺激，其中刺激的某些方面是 在他人面前处理。这种趋势的一个主要例子是单个神经元中的空间频率（SF）调整 一级视觉皮层（V1）。这些细胞最初被调整为更喜欢较低SF的粗刺激。但是，整个他们 简短的响应它们的调整曲线转向更喜欢更精细的高SF刺激。 SF处理的这种粗到最新的模式 在小鼠，猫，非人类灵长类动物和人类中发现，这表明它可能是空间的基本特性 想象。尽管如此，目前尚不清楚这个过程是否像许多人一样以经验依赖性方式发展 空间视觉的其他方面。此外，粗到最细的SF处理的神经回路和机制 不太了解。 为了开始理解粗到精细的SF处理背后的神经电路的发展和神经电路的发展 将研究整个小鼠主要视觉系统开发的时间动态过程。首先， 研究人员将在早期产后生活中表征V1中的粗到五个SF处理，并测试视觉的作用 推动这一发展的经验。这将通过在钥匙的小鼠中使用多通道细胞外记录来完成 发育年龄以及黑暗饲养的成年小鼠。其次，粗到细的SF处理的程度 皮质得出的将通过从背侧侧向基因核（DLGN）和上丘记录来确定 （SC）成年小鼠。降层皮质反馈的作用也将通过化学沉默的皮质来测试 从这些下皮层结构记录。最后，研究人员将评估为什么皮质电路变得粗到细胞 通过确定此时间动态过程是否可以有效地编码自然图像来处理SF处理。 总的来说，这些结果将提供有关粗到达的产后发展的新颖而重要的信息 整个主要视觉途径的精细SF处理，并将开始公布此过程与编码的关系 复杂的自然图像。此外，其中描述的研究计划将为申请人提供额外的 技术，概念，计算和科学培训必须是一名竞争性的独立科学家。最后， 拟议的研究将在一个刺激的科学环境中进行，并看到该项目所需的所有资源 完成。这个合作的科学界强烈支持拟议的研究及其成功。