Development of coarse-to-fine spatial processing throughout the primary visual system

整个初级视觉系统从粗到精的空间处理的发展

• 批准号: 10661420
• 负责人: Rolf J Skyberg
• 金额: $ 7.38万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF OREGON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-12-01 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10661420
• 关键词: Adult; Age; Amblyopia; Anesthesia procedures; Automobile Driving; Behavioral; Birth; Brain region; Cell Nucleus; Cells; Characteristics; Chemicals; Code; Communities; Complex; Darkness; Data; Development; Dissection; Dorsal; Environment; Exhibits; Face; Feedback; Felis catus; Frequencies; Genetic; Germ Cells; Goals; Human; Image; Individual; Lateral Geniculate Body; Lead; Life; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Monkeys; Mus; Muscimol; Neurons; Pattern; Phase; Physiological; Population; Preparation; Process; Property; Psychophysics; Research; Research Personnel; Resolution; Resources; Role; Scientist; Series; Shapes; Stimulus; Structure; Testing; Training; Visual; Visual Pathways; Visual System; area striata; awake; dark rearing; density; developmental disease; experience; experimental study; extracellular; mouse development; neural; neural circuit; neuromechanism; nonhuman primate; novel; pharmacologic; postnatal; postnatal development; response; spatial vision; statistics; success; superior colliculus Corpora quadrigemina; tool; trend; visual processing; visual stimulus

PROJECT SUMMARY The visual system encodes visual stimuli in a temporally dynamic fashion, where certain aspects of a stimulus are processed before others. A prime example of this trend is the spatial frequency (SF) tuning of individual neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1). These cells are initially tuned to prefer coarse stimuli of lower SF; however, throughout their brief responses their tuning profiles shift to preferring finer, high SF stimuli. This coarse-to-fine pattern of SF processing has been found in mice, cats, non-human primates and humans, suggesting it may be a fundamental property of spatial vision. Despite this, it is unclear whether this process develops postnatally in an experience-dependent fashion, like many other aspects of spatial vision. Furthermore, the neural circuits and mechanisms underlying coarse-to-fine SF processing are not well understood. To begin to understand the development of and neural circuitry behind coarse-to-fine SF processing, the investigator will study this temporally dynamic process throughout development of the mouse primary visual system. First, the investigator will characterize coarse-to-fine SF processing in V1 throughout early postnatal life and test the role of visual experience in driving this development. This will be done by using multichannel extracellular recordings in mice at key developmental ages as well as in dark-reared adult mice. Second, the extent to which coarse-to-fine SF processing is cortically derived will be determined by recording from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and superior colliculus (SC) of adult mice. The role of descending cortical feedback will also be tested by chemically silencing the cortex while recording from these subcortical structures. Finally, the investigator will assess why cortical circuit develop coarse-to-fine SF processing by determining if this temporally dynamic process enables the efficient coding of natural images. Collectively, these results will provide novel and important information regarding the postnatal development of coarse-to- fine SF processing throughout the primary visual pathway and will begin to unveil how this process relates to coding complex natural images. Moreover, the research plan described within will provide the applicant with the additional technical, conceptual, computational and scientific training needed to be a competitive, independent scientist. Finally, the proposed research will take place in a stimulating scientific environment with all the resources required to see this project to completion. This collaborative scientific community is strongly supportive of the proposed research and its success.

项目概要 视觉系统以时间动态的方式编码视觉刺激，其中刺激的某些方面是 先于其他人处理。这种趋势的一个主要例子是神经元中单个神经元的空间频率（SF）调整。 初级视觉皮层（V1）。这些细胞最初被调整为更喜欢较低 SF 的粗刺激；然而，在他们的整个过程中 简短的反应后，他们的调谐曲线会转向更精细、高 SF 刺激。这种由粗到细的 SF 处理模式 已在小鼠、猫、非人类灵长类动物和人类身上发现，表明它可能是空间的基本属性 想象。尽管如此，目前还不清楚这个过程是否像许多人一样，在出生后以依赖经验的方式发展。 空间视觉的其他方面。此外，从粗到细 SF 处理的神经回路和机制 没有被很好地理解。 为了开始了解从粗到细 SF 处理的发展和神经回路，研究人员 将研究小鼠初级视觉系统发育过程中的这一时间动态过程。首先， 研究人员将描述整个出生后早期 V1 中从粗到细的 SF 处理特征，并测试视觉的作用 推动这一发展的经验。这将通过在关键时刻使用小鼠的多通道细胞外记录来完成 发育年龄以及黑暗饲养的成年小鼠。二、SF加工由粗到精的程度 皮质衍生将通过背外侧膝状核（dLGN）和上丘的记录来确定 (SC) 成年小鼠。下行皮质反馈的作用也将通过化学沉默皮质来测试，同时 来自这些皮层下结构的记录。最后，研究人员将评估为什么皮质回路会从粗到细发展 SF 处理通过确定这种时间动态过程是否能够实现自然图像的有效编码来进行。 总的来说，这些结果将提供有关粗到产后发育的新颖且重要的信息。 整个主要视觉通路的精细 SF 处理，并将开始揭示该过程与编码的关系 复杂的自然图像。此外，其中描述的研究计划将为申请人提供额外的信息 成为一名有竞争力的独立科学家需要接受技术、概念、计算和科学方面的培训。最后， 拟议的研究将在一个令人兴奋的科学环境中进行，并拥有该项目所需的所有资源 至完成。这个合作科学界强烈支持拟议的研究及其成功。