CSR&D Research Career Scientist Award

企业社会责任

• 批准号: 10293570
• 负责人: JEAN C. BECKHAM
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: DURHAM VA MEDICAL CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-10-01 至 2023-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10293570
• 关键词: Acoustics; Afghanistan; African American; Aggressive behavior; Alcohols; Anger; Applications Grants; Area; Award; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Blood Pressure; Candidate Disease Gene; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cigarette; Clinical; Clinical Trials; Collaborations; Collection; Cues; DNA; Data; Development; Diagnosis; Distress; Education; Emotional; Evaluation; Funding; Gene Expression; Genetic; Genetic Diseases; Grant; Health; Heart Rate; Homelessness; Hostility; Impairment; Individual; Intervention; Investigation; Iraq; Laboratories; Lead; Manuscripts; Marijuana; Medical; Mental disorders; Meta-Analysis; Methods; Methylation; Monitor; Nicotine; Nicotine Dependence; Patient Self-Report; Patients; Persons; Physical activity; Population; Positioning Attribute; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Pressoreceptors; Prevalence; Provider; Psychophysiology; Publishing; RNA; Randomized Clinical Trials; Registries; Relapse; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Schizophrenia; Scientist; Services; Site; Sleep; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Smoking Cessation Intervention; Stimulus; Substance abuse problem; Symptoms; Time; Tobacco; Training Activity; Trauma; United States National Institutes of Health; Veterans; Vietnam; Violence; War; Woman; Work; behavioral health; cardiovascular risk factor; career; clinical center; comorbidity; cooperative study; craving; dehydroepiandrosterone; development policy; diaries; evidence base; experience; genome wide association study; heart rate variability; implementation efforts; improved; instrument; mHealth; men; modifiable risk; mortality; negative affect; novel; physical conditioning; prepulse inhibition; programs; psychiatric symptom; psychologic; reduce symptoms; response; screening; service utilization; smoking addiction; smoking cessation; smoking prevalence; smoking relapse; suicidal behavior; therapy development; trauma exposure; traumatic stress; treatment as usual

My research focus is on Veterans who have been diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a war- related illness. I was among the first to document hostility, violence and anger among individuals (both men and women) with PTSD. I was also among the first researchers to observe that individuals with PTSD self-report and are diagnosed with more physical health problems, including cardiovascular disorders. This work has led to several significant contributions in understanding the behavioral and psychophysiological mechanisms that may contribute to increased risk of poor health among persons with PTSD, including that individuals with PTSD have higher ambulatory heart rate and blood pressure, lower baroreceptor sensitivity, and lower heart rate variability. I have shown that individuals with PTSD have reduced sleep duration and sleep efficiency, which may lead to reduced levels of ambulatory heart rate variability, and that these effects occur early in the trajectory of those who develop PTSD. I have investigated mechanisms that may explain the association between increased prevalence and higher nicotine dependence in smokers with PTSD. I evaluated the effect of nicotine and smoking behavior on prepulse inhibition as well as acoustic startle among smokers with and without PTSD. My research has shown that smokers with PTSD experience higher craving and negative affect in response to trauma cues, that smoking cigarettes with or without nicotine reduces symptoms, but the ameliorative effect is short lived, and that emotional reactivity to trauma stimuli is related to a shorter time to smoking relapse. I have developed a novel mobile health intervention that has shown tremendous promise toward reducing smoking among those with PTSD and other psychiatric disorders. I have worked with my colleagues to demonstrate that global positioning monitoring may be ultimately useful in intervening with smokers. I am currently expanding the evaluation of mobile health approaches in a NIH-funded treatment development grant for smokers with schizophrenia and a merit review-funded randomized clinical trial in homeless smokers. My mentees and I have several grant applications under review to extend this work to changing two behavioral targets simultaneously (e.g., quitting alcohol and smoking cigarettes; quitting smoking and increasing physical activity; and quitting smoking tobacco and marijuana). Each of these approaches may help Veterans with key health problems. Because of my expertise in PTSD mechanisms and experience with developing registries, I was invited to lead the Genetics Laboratory of the VA VISN 6 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center in 2006, and I have served in that role since the inception of the VISN 6 MIRECC. The current registry has collected DNA and RNA among nearly 4,000 returning Veterans. My team and I have published a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with PTSD cases and non-cases, and evaluated several candidate genes in PTSD. I have also represented the MIRECC in the national PTSD Genetics Consortium, and the MIRECC samples have been included in a very large scale Consortium GWAS manuscript (more than 21,000 total samples) and a methylation manuscript. After collecting, extracting, and generating data over the past 10 years, we are currently excited to evaluate methylation and gene expression in the MIRECC sample as well as participate in the meta-analyses associated with the Consortium. I have recently been approved to serve as the Durham VAMC site PI for the VA Million Veteran Project (MVP), and this should lead to additional productive collaborations between the MIRECC Genetics Core and MVP-related projects focused on PTSD and substance abuse. I will continue my research program on PTSD and co-morbid conditions.

我的研究重点是被诊断患有创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的退伍军人，这是一种战争- 相关疾病。我是最早记录个人（包括男性和女性）之间的敌意、暴力和愤怒的人之一。 女性）患有创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）。我也是第一批观察到患有创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 的人自我报告和 被诊断出患有更多的身体健康问题，包括心血管疾病。这项工作导致 在理解行为和心理生理机制方面的一些重要贡献 导致 PTSD 患者健康状况不佳的风险增加，包括 PTSD 患者 较高的动态心率和血压、较低的压力感受器敏感性和较低的心率变异性。我 研究表明，患有创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的人睡眠时间和睡眠效率都降低了，这可能会导致 动态心率变异性水平降低，并且这些影响发生在那些患有以下疾病的人的早期轨迹中 发展创伤后应激障碍。我研究了可能解释患病率增加之间关联的机制 患有创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 的吸烟者对尼古丁的依赖性更高。我评估了尼古丁和吸烟行为对 患有或不患有创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的吸烟者的前脉冲抑制以及声惊吓。我的研究表明 患有创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的吸烟者在应对创伤线索时会经历更高的渴望和负面影响，吸烟 含有或不含尼古丁的香烟都可以减轻症状，但改善效果是短暂的，而且情绪也会受到影响。 对创伤刺激的反应与戒烟复吸时间较短有关。我开发了一种新颖的移动健康 干预措施在减少患有创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 和其他疾病的患者中显示出巨大的希望 精神疾病。我和我的同事一起证明了全球定位监测可能是 最终有助于干预吸烟者。我目前正在扩大对移动医疗方法的评估 NIH 资助的针对患有精神分裂症的吸烟者的治疗开发补助金和绩效审查资助的 无家可归的吸烟者的随机临床试验。我和我的学员有几项资助申请正在审查中 将这项工作扩展到同时改变两个行为目标（例如戒烟和戒酒； 戒烟并增加体力活动；以及戒烟和大麻）。这些中的每一个 方法可以帮助退伍军人解决关键的健康问题。由于我在 PTSD 机制方面的专业知识以及 凭借开发注册方面的经验，我受邀领导 VA VISN 6 Mental 的遗传学实验室 2006 年，我加入了疾病研究、教育和临床中心，自该中心成立以来，我一直担任该职位 维森 6 米雷克。目前登记处已收集了近 4,000 名返回的退伍军人的 DNA 和 RNA。我的 我和团队发表了一项针对 PTSD 病例和非病例的全基因组关联研究 (GWAS)，并且 评估了 PTSD 的几个候选基因。我还代表 MIRECC 参加了全国 PTSD 遗传学比赛 联盟，MIRECC 样本已包含在非常大规模的联盟 GWAS 手稿中 （总样本超过 21,000 个）和甲基化手稿。收集、提取和生成数据后 在过去的 10 年里，我们目前很高兴能够评估 MIRECC 中的甲基化和基因表达 样本并参与与联盟相关的荟萃分析。我最近被批准了 担任 VA 百万退伍军人项目 (MVP) 的 Durham VAMC 站点 PI，这应该会带来额外的收益 MIRECC 遗传学核心和 MVP 相关项目之间富有成效的合作，重点关注 PTSD 和 药物滥用。我将继续我的关于创伤后应激障碍和共病的研究项目。