Unequal Parenthoods: Population Perspectives on Gender, Race, and Sexual Minority Disparities in Family Stress and Health During Crises

不平等的父母身份：危机期间家庭压力和健康方面的性别、种族和性少数群体差异的人口观点

• 批准号: 10425101
• 负责人: Claire M Kamp Dush
• 金额: $ 44.19万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-21 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10425101
• 关键词: Acute; Address; American; Asians; COVID-19; COVID-19 pandemic; Child; Child Health; Child Rearing; Communities; Coronavirus; Couples; Data; Discrimination; Environment; Exposure to; Family; Food; Funding; Future; Gender; Gender Identity; Hate; Health; Home; Income; Individual; Institutes; Intention; Intervention; Latinx; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Measures; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Mental Health; Methods; Mothers; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Occupations; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Personal Satisfaction; Police; Population; Process; Psychological Stress; Race; Research; Resources; Respondent; Risk; Sampling; Sampling Studies; Sex Bias; Social isolation; Socioeconomic Status; Stress; Structural Racism; Surveys; Testing; Time; Time Study; Trauma; Underserved Population; Violence; Virus; Vulnerable Populations; Woman; Work; adverse childhood events; behavioral economics; coronavirus disease; diaries; ethnic minority population; experience; gender minority; improved; innovation; minority disparity; novel; pandemic disease; population based; psychological distress; public health emergency; racial minority; racism; resilience; response; sexual identity; sexual minority; social; social exclusion; social stigma; success

Project Summary The COVID-19 pandemic and the co-occurring period of racial trauma has upended family environments and exacted a toll on parents (mothers in particular), racial and ethnic minorities, and sexual minorities. Understanding how parents functioned during this time is crucial to identifying mechanisms linking race, gender, and sexual identity marginalization to disparities in parental well-being with critical implications for child health. Leveraging novel population-based survey and time diary data collected this past year from the National Couples’ Health and Time Study (NCHAT), we will identify mechanisms underlying gender, racial and ethnic minority, and sexual minority disparities in parenting stress and parental well-being during COVID and this period of intense racial trauma. NCHAT (N = 3,642) is a population-representative study of individuals between 20 and 60 living in same and different-gender couples in the U.S. with oversamples of Black, Latinx, and Asian families and sexual minorities. The study includes 41% of partners as well. The analytic sample for this study focuses on the 35% of the sample that had children under 18 (n = 1,274 main respondents; n = 567 partners). This project has four specific aims: Aim 1. Determine gender, racial and ethnic minority, and sexual minority disparities in parenting stress and well-being and parent-child relationship quality and test marginalization, socioeconomic status, and adverse childhood experiences as mediators; Aim 2. Evaluate COVID and racial trauma stress, psychological distress, and couple relationship functioning as moderators of parenting stress and well-being and parent-child relationship quality disparities; Aim 3. Identify dyadic stress processes in the associations between COVID and racial trauma stress, psychological distress, and relationship functioning and parenting; Aim 4. Examine community disruptions and context as moderators of parenting stress and well-being and parent-child relationship quality disparities. Further, the NCHAT data, the contextual data produced for this project on structural racism, sexism, and heterosexism, and NCHAT survey items for harmonization will be shared with the Social, Behavioral, and Economic Research on COVID-19 Consortium Coordination Center (SBECCC) and the wider health research community, leveraging the exceptional resources of the Institute for Social Research and Data Innovation (ISRDI), home to the IPUMS data projects. Forty percent of NCHAT main respondents identify racial and ethnic minorities, and 45% identify as sexual minorities. Data such as these are crucial to the success and inclusiveness of the SBECCC. This study aligns with the U01’s intention to fund “research to understand the health impacts of coronavirus mitigation strategies and the mechanisms that may convey risk and resilience, particularly in underserved and vulnerable populations, [that] will help improve long-term responses to the pandemic and prepare more effectively for the next public health emergency.” Importantly, understanding family experiences and strategies at this historical moment can inform interventions to address health detriments and build resiliency for the future of families.

项目概要 COVID-19 大流行和同时发生的种族创伤颠覆了家庭环境， 对父母（尤其是母亲）、少数种族和族裔以及性少数群体造成了损害。 了解父母在这段时间内的运作方式对于确定种族、性别、 性别认同边缘化导致父母福祉差异，对儿童健康产生重大影响。 利用去年从全国夫妇收集的新颖的基于人口的调查和时间日记数据 健康与时间研究 (NCHAT)，我们将确定性别、种族和少数族裔背后的机制，以及 新冠疫情期间以及这段严重时期，性少数群体在养育压力和父母幸福感方面存在差异 NCHAT (N = 3,642) 是一项针对 20 至 60 岁个体的人口代表性研究。 在美国的同性和异性夫妇中，对黑人、拉丁裔和亚洲家庭进行了过度抽样， 该研究还包括 41% 的伴侣。本研究的分析样本集中于性少数群体。 35% 的样本有 18 岁以下的子女（n = 1,274 名主要受访者；n = 567 名合作伙伴）。 四个具体目标： 目标 1. 确定性别、种族和族裔少数群体以及性少数群体的差异 养育压力和幸福感以及亲子关系质量和测试边缘化、社会 目标 2. 评估新冠肺炎和种族创伤压力， 心理困扰以及夫妻关系作为养育压力和幸福感的调节因素 目标 3. 确定亲子关系质量差异； 新冠肺炎和种族创伤压力、心理困扰、人际关系功能和养育子女；目标 4。 检查社区干扰和环境作为养育压力和福祉以及亲子关系的调节因素 此外，NCHAT 数据（为本项目生成的上下文数据）。 结构性种族主义、性别歧视和异性恋歧视以及 NCHAT 调查项目的协调将与 COVID-19 社会、行为和经济研究联盟协调中心 (SBECCC) 和 更广泛的健康研究界，利用社会研究所的特殊资源和 数据创新 (ISRDI)，IPUMS 数据项目的所在地，40% 的 NCHAT 主要受访者表示。 种族和族裔少数群体，45% 的人被认为是性少数群体，此类数据对于成功至关重要。 SBECCC 的包容性和包容性 本研究符合 U01 资助“了解问题的研究”的意图。 冠状病毒缓解策略和可能传达风险和复原力的机制对健康的影响， 特别是在服务不足和弱势群体中，这将有助于改善对这一问题的长期应对措施 重要的是，了解家庭，并更有效地为下一次公共卫生紧急情况做好准备。” 在这一历史时刻的经验和战略可以为解决健康损害和 为家庭的未来建立弹性。