Neural Mechanisms of Behavior Change in a Community Sample of Drinkers

社区饮酒者样本行为改变的神经机制

• 批准号: 8823422
• 负责人: Eric D Claus
• 金额: $ 67万
• 依托单位: THE MIND RESEARCH NETWORK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-25 至 2020-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8823422
• 关键词: Abstinence; Address; Affect; Age; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholic beverage heavy drinker; Amygdaloid structure; Animals; Anterior; Attention; Behavior Control; Behavior assessment; Behavioral; Behavioral Mechanisms; Biological Neural Networks; Brain; Cognitive; Communities; Complement; Corpus striatum structure; Data; Development; Empirical Research; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Heavy Drinking; Human; Individual; Insula of Reil; Intervention; Lateral; Lead; Learning; Literature; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetoencephalography; Maintenance; Measures; Medial; Mediating; Neurobiology; Neurocognitive; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Outcome; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Play; Population; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Psychosocial Assessment and Care; Randomized Clinical Trials; Recovery; Recovery of Function; Relative (related person); Research; Resolution; Rest; Rewards; Sampling; Self Efficacy; Severities; Social support; Stimulus; Stress; Techniques; Time; Visit; Work; addiction; alcohol cue; alcohol use disorder; base; behavior change; behavioral response; behavioral study; cognitive control; comparison group; coping; craving; cue reactivity; drinking; drinking behavior; effective therapy; improved; insight; longitudinal design; meetings; neural circuit; neural correlate; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; primary outcome; psychologic; psychosocial; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; stress reactivity; therapy development

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Although there has been intense study of pharmacological and psychosocial treatments for alcohol use disorders, up to 75% of individuals meeting criteria for an alcohol use disorder (AUD) never seek formal treatment for their drinking. However, a large proportion of these non-treatment seeking individuals are able to reduce their drinking or even quit drinking on their own. Thus, gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms of behavior change (MOBC) among people who self-change in the absence of treatment may provide some key insights into the most critical change mechanisms that could become potential targets for intervention development. While the amount of behavioral/psychosocial research on MOBC in self-changers has increased over the past decade, there has been a notable absence of research examining the neurocognitive mechanisms that contribute to behavior change. A significant body of animal and human work has investigated the neural correlates of the development and maintenance of AUDs, but there is a dearth of literature on AUD recovery. Cross-sectional research has found that networks involved in alcohol cue reactivity and stress reactivity appear to become more engaged with greater AUD severity, and those networks involved in cognitive control tend to decrease with increased AUD severity. Thus, it could be expected that as drinking quantity/frequency and AUD severity decrease, there may be a reversal of these changes. While some cross-sectional neuroimaging research suggests that recovery of function does occur after long-term abstinence, to date there is a lack of studies investigating change in functional brain response longitudinally. To address this gap, the current proposal aims to examine a community sample of heavy drinkers in a longitudinal design in order to study the psychosocial, behavioral, and neural mechanisms that underlie changes in or maintenance of heavy drinking. Multi-modal neuroimaging (functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG)) will be used to identify the regions and networks in which change occurs (i.e. fMRI) and the temporal engagement of neural networks (i.e. MEG) related to reductions in drinking over time. Comprehensive assessments of psychosocial and behavioral functioning will be obtained at baseline, and then at 3-, 9-, and 18-month follow-ups. In addition, participants will complete MRI sessions at each visit (baseline, 3, 9, and 18 months) as well as an MEG session at baseline and 18 months, during which participants will complete tasks measuring cognitive control, cue reactivity, and stress/negative affect reactivity. Psychosocial, behavioral, and neura mechanisms of behavior change will be examined using state-of-the-art data analytic techniques, many of which have been pioneered by the research team. Examining the MOBC at multiple levels of analysis in heavy drinkers who change on their own, we will be able to develop a comprehensive understanding of potential mechanisms on which to focus treatments and will provide a key comparison group for future MOBC studies.

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管对酒精使用障碍的药理学和心理社会治疗进行了大量研究，但高达 75% 的符合酒精使用障碍 (AUD) 标准的个体从未寻求正规的饮酒治疗。然而，这些不寻求治疗的人中很大一部分能够减少饮酒甚至自行戒酒。因此，更好地了解在没有治疗的情况下自我改变的人的行为改变（MOBC）机制可能会为最关键的改变机制提供一些关键见解，这些机制可能成为干预发展的潜在目标。虽然在过去十年中，关于自我改变者 MOBC 的行为/心理社会研究数量有所增加，但对有助于行为改变的神经认知机制的研究却明显缺乏。大量动物和人类工作研究了 AUD 发展和维持的神经相关性，但缺乏关于 AUD 恢复的文献。横断面研究发现，参与酒精提示反应和压力反应的网络似乎随着 AUD 严重程度的增加而变得更加活跃，而那些参与认知控制的网络往往会随着 AUD 严重程度的增加而减少。因此，可以预期，随着饮酒量/频率和 AUD 严重程度的降低，这些变化可能会发生逆转。虽然一些横断面神经影像学研究表明，长期禁欲后确实会发生功能恢复，但迄今为止，缺乏纵向调查大脑功能反应变化的研究。为了解决这一差距，当前的提案旨在以纵向设计的方式检查重度饮酒者的社区样本，以研究重度饮酒变化或维持的社会心理、行为和神经机制。多模态神经影像（功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和脑磁图（MEG））将用于识别发生变化的区域和网络（即fMRI）以及与神经网络（即MEG）减少相关的时间参与。随着时间的推移饮酒。将在基线、然后在 3、9 和 18 个月的随访中获得心理社会和行为功能的综合评估。此外，参与者将在每次访问（基线、3、9 和 18 个月）时完成 MRI 课程，以及基线和 18 个月时的 MEG 课程，在此期间参与者将完成测量认知控制、提示反应性和压力/压力的任务。负面影响反应性。将使用最先进的数据分析技术来检查行为改变的社会心理、行为和神经机制，其中许多技术是由研究团队首创的。通过对自行改变的重度饮酒者进行多层次的 MOBC 分析，我们将能够全面了解重点治疗的潜在机制，并为未来的 MOBC 研究提供一个关键的比较组。