The Role of Discrimination in Substance Use and Help Seeking among Hispanics and African Americans

西班牙裔和非裔美国人在药物使用和寻求帮助方面的歧视作用

基本信息

批准号：
10362547
负责人：
Laura Acosta
金额：
$ 4.55万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-05-01 至 2024-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10362547
关键词：
Address Adult Affect African African American African American population Alcohol consumption Americas Amphetamines Area Attitude Automobile Driving Award Behavior Behavioral Biological Caring Centers of Research Excellence Cocaine Collection Data Development Discrimination Drug Addiction Drug usage Ecological momentary assessment Effectiveness Evaluation Fellowship Florida Funding Generations Goals Grant Hispanic Hispanic Americans Hispanic Populations Intention International Interview Knowledge Lead Left Longevity Mediating Medical Mental Health Methamphetamine Methodology Methods Modeling National Institute of Drug Abuse Nebraska Opioid Outcome Participant Pathway interactions Patient Self-Report Persons Physiological Policies Population Preparation Privacy Procedures Process Public Health Recovery Research Research Training Risk Role Rural drug addiction Smoking Source South Carolina Stress Substance Use Disorder Surveys Time Training Treatment Effectiveness Universities Urinalysis Yawning career cocaine use cohort contextual factors craving demographics effective intervention ethnic discrimination experience health disparity help-seeking behavior improved intervention program member mobile computing negative affect nicotine use novel perceived discrimination physical conditioning programs racial discrimination recruit reduced substance use resilience rural Hispanic rural area rural dwellers rural setting service utilization skills social stressor substance use substance use treatment

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Despite similar rates of illicit substance use, Hispanics and African-Americans utilize services at far fewer rates than Whites, and less than 8% of Hispanics and African-Americans with substance use disorder perceive their substance use as problematic. Such disparities demonstrate the clear need to outline the dynamic and specific processes that contribute to substance use and recovery among both populations. The proposed project builds on well-established research suggesting that negative affect and craving are the two strongest predictors of short-term substance use and intention to quit, a vital component of recovery. Discrimination is also a reliable predictor of stress and negative affect, but — despite its potentially critical role in predicting alcohol use and smoking — has been infrequently examined in substance use research with Hispanics and African-Americans. Discrimination may also reduce formal help seeking for substance use due to anticipated discrimination in receiving care; further, anticipated discrimination may be magnified in rural areas where treatment options are limited, and privacy concerns are heightened. These factors are unexplored in substance use with Hispanic and African-American populations, particularly in rural areas. Therefore, the long-term goal of the proposed project is to elucidate the linkages between discrimination, substance use, intentions to quit, and help seeking among rural Hispanics and African-Americans. To achieve this, the project will build from ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methods, which conducts real-time, “in-the-moment” assessments through mobile technology. Completing the proposed project under this fellowship award will allow the applicant to acquire unique research and training experiences beyond those that they would normally obtain in their doctoral training and apply this understanding to the development and evaluation of culturally adapted intervention programs, and potentially influence health disparity policy changes. Specifically, successful funding of this training grant will result in completion of the above project and the following goals of the applicant: 1) acquire knowledge on the contextual factors driving substance use and recovery in Hispanic and African-American populations; 2) gain knowledge in the collection and implementation of methodologies for determining person-in-context interactions in substance use research (e.g., EMA) 3) obtain advanced statistical skills in models relevant to my proposed research program of identifying mechanisms that drive disparities, and 4) attain further knowledge and skills in grant preparation. Training will primarily take place at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Florida International University, and the Medical University of South Carolina. The proposed research directly addresses components of NIDA’s strategic goals, in that it helps “characterize the…social, environmental, and developmental factors that mediate risk and resilience for drug use and addiction.”

项目概要/摘要尽管非法药物使用率相似，但西班牙裔和非裔美国人使用服务的比例要低得多与白人相比，只有不到 8% 的西班牙裔和非裔美国人患有药物滥用障碍这种差异表明明确需要概述动态和具体的物质使用。拟议项目建立了有助于两种人群物质使用和恢复的过程。完善的研究表明，负面情绪和渴望是两个最强的预测因素短期药物使用和戒烟意愿是康复的重要组成部分。压力和负面影响的预测因子，但是 - 尽管它在预测饮酒和饮酒方面具有潜在的关键作用吸烟——在针对西班牙裔和非裔美国人的物质使用研究中很少进行检查。由于预期的歧视，歧视还可能减少寻求物质使用的正式帮助。接受护理；此外，在治疗选择较少的农村地区，预期的歧视可能会加剧。有限，而且隐私问题很现实，这些因素在西班牙裔的物质使用中尚未得到探索。和非洲裔美国人，特别是农村地区的人口，因此，这是拟议的长期目标。该项目旨在阐明歧视、药物滥用、戒烟意图和寻求帮助之间的联系为了实现这一目标，该项目将以生态为基础。瞬时评估（EMA）方法，通过以下方式进行实时“即时”评估完成该奖学金的拟议项目将使申请人能够获得超出他们通常在他们的工作中获得的独特的研究和培训经验博士培训并将这种理解应用于文化适应的开发和评估干预计划，并可能影响健康差距政策的改变，具体来说，是成功的。该培训补助金的资助将导致上述项目的完成以及以下目标申请人： 1) 获取有关西班牙裔和西班牙裔美国人物质使用和恢复的背景因素的知识非裔美国人群体；2) 获得收集和实施方法的知识；确定物质使用研究中的人与人之间的互动（例如 EMA）3) 获得高级统计数据与我提出的研究计划相关的模型技能，该研究计划旨在确定导致差异的机制，以及 4) 获得资助准备方面的进一步知识和技能培训将主要在大学进行。内布拉斯加林肯大学、佛罗里达国际大学和南卡罗来纳医科大学。研究直接涉及 NIDA 战略目标的组成部分，因为它有助于“描述……社会、介导吸毒和成瘾风险和恢复力的环境和发展因素。”